I think much of the 'inspiration' for mathematics to evolve would still exist:
(all else being equal) there would still be regular tides, seasonal cycles, etc.

What would be VERY interesting, is what kind of explanation they would come up with

Once they discovered outer space, the cultural impact would be huge, I imagine.
If Galileo and the likes were considered a threat by religious leaders,
imagine the impact if nobody had ever even suspected there was anyting else beyond Earth!!!

Might be comparable to us discovering a parallel universe just around the corner...