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Originally Posted by Christian
For example, there is the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that unless energy is introduced into a particular state, the energy of that state will always be less than the initial state. This is known as entropy.
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Another way to state the 2nd law is to say that the entropy of a
closed system increases. How do we know that the universe was a closed system during the first few milliseconds after the big bang
Also, you say, "the energy of that state will always be less than the initial state." This is false (unless some of the energy is converted into mass, but let's ignore E=Mc^2 for just a moment.) Actually there will always be less
useable energy. The unuseable energy is dissopated as heat, and thus contributes to the evolution of the early universe anyway.
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Thus, in order to explode, any original matter (wherever it came from) would have had to create energy in some way. To form planets, suns and entire galaxies, which is entropy running backwards, it would in effect need to create vast amounts of energy from nowhere...
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Again: E=Mc^2. Fusion, mostly.
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as well as vast amounts of matter (which is also impossible).
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A: We don't know if matter was created in the Big Bang, or not. We don't know if it originated in the another "multiverse", or weather another universe appeared at parallel to ours, full of "Negative mass" and "Negative energy", to cancel out the mass/energy in our universe. Besides, the origin of the mass is not part of the BB theory.
B: At such high levels of gravitational distortion of spacetime, high energies, high densities, etc... we don't know if any of the laws of physics worked at that time. Since the universe was still forming, the laws of physics may not have formed yet.
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Where did that original cosmic egg come from? Where did its energy come from? Why did it suddenly explode?
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One theory I have heard: False vacuums, causing some sort of antigravity
Also, time itself is thought to have originated from the big bang, as the time dimension(as well as space dimensions) would have been distorted to the point that they were not recognizable as time and space. So, It's not like the big bang black hole sat there in a chunk for many billions of years and then decided to explode, because it was tired of doing nothing.
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Where did it get sufficient matter for hundreds of thousands of galaxies from?
Also note: if the universe originated from a big bang, matter should be evenly spread out. It isn't. We note large densities of matter in some places, and virtually empty spaces between galaxies in others.
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I found info about a book that explains this. It's called
Wrinkles in Time (not
A Wrinkle in Time.) Basically, there are small quantum fluctuations (called quantum foam) , small, subatomic warps in spacetime affecting distance, time, gravity, and such, which "bumped" a few particles around soon after the big bang. The small changes in the density of the universe caused a cascade. The "lumps" got bigger, and started attracting more matter, to become bigger "lumps" because of gravity, and became galaxies, and clusters. Also, the non-uniform density of the universe may have something to do with dark matter, but I don't know what.