Please do not forget everyone, that a subsurface ocean on Europa is not even a given fact.

There could well be, but whilst evidence is compelling that there is, it is not proven, less the proof behind life there.

There is only one way we will know for sure, a dedicated Orbiter / Landers mission to carryout super high resolution glboal imaging, the landers to probe the landing site with seismometers, tiltmeters, PanCams, then dependant on the resuts, maybe send a cryobot.

When I cryobot is finally sent, I think we are in for one hell of a dissappointment.

I hope not, but the cold light of reality is a hard taskmaster.

Andrew Brown.

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"I suddenly noticed an anomaly to the left of Io, just off the rim of that world. It was extremely large with respect to the overall size of Io and crescent shaped. It seemed unbelievable that something that big had not been visible before". Linda Morabito on discovering that the Jupiter moon Io was volcanically active. Friday 9th March 1979.