The redshift is mis-understood. The universe is not expanding it is in equilibrium. The redshift is an indicator of the equilibrium. The mathematics is this:
Gravitational energy E= -mu/R + mcv the central forces are two: mv^2/R - mcDel.v.

The first force is the centripetal gravitational force and the negative force is the centrifugal force. When they sum to zero there is equilbrium, thus:
mv^2/R =mcV/Rcos g this gives cos rv = v/c=z= sqrt(GM/Rc^2) the redshift! The redshift is positive when cos rv is positive or the angle between the radius to the center of gravity and the velocity v, rv, is within plus or minus 90 degrees, that means moving away form the center. The angle of the redshift is determined by the ratio of the gravitational velocity and the speed of light, cos rv = v/c.

The the redshift is zero if the angle is 90 degrees, no gravitational acceleration g. There is a blue shift if the the angle is greater than 90 degrees.

The redshift is evidence of the universe being stable and in equilibrium. The centripetal acceleration of gravity is balanced by the centrifugal (center fleeing) acceleration of the moving masses.

Newton and Einstein, developed their gravity Theory based on only the potential energy E=-mu/R and did not consider the vector energy mcv for E=-mu/R + mcv.

When both energies are considered, the universe follows conservation of energy and is in equilibrium. The Universe is thus bounded. Conservation of energy is the first derivative set to zero which is also the limit condition, the continuity condition and the equilibrium condition.

The size of the universe can be estimated. My numbers are Size Radius=158E24 m; Mass= 2.133E53 kg; Cycletime T=16.5 Billion Years; the Shape is likely that of a cuboctahedron, Buckminster Fullers Vector Equilibrium.

I derived this estimate from the Garavitational Constant G. At Equilbrium Condition relationship is GM/R^2= cv cos rv/R or GM/R=c^2 at the speed of light. This relation using Einstein's E=mc^2 gives the Power of the Universe: GM/Rc^2=1=GE/RC^4=GF/c^4=GP/c^5 = 1 therefore P=c^5/G = 3645E49 watts!