In my opinion there are a hundred more or less distinct circuit elements, including several variations on the resistor, such as the varistor and thermistor. We can sort of represent a diode at dc and low frequencies as a special resistor. A diode has several million ohms at voltages below 1/10 volt. and up to about 1200 volts in one direction; In the neighborhood of 20 ohms, at one volts in the forward direction. Like a resistor, failure is likely if you exceed the watt-second rating in either direction.
Many of the circuit elements are used rarely such as the tunnel diode, the carbon arc, battery, magnetron and ionized gas tube. Neil