It seems obvious why this might be a confusing discussion.

According to Webster

Law - (in regards to science or math) - a statement of an order or relation of phenomena that so far as is known is invariable under the given conditions

Theory (Entry 1 of 38)

1: the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another
2: abstract thought : speculation
3: the general or abstract principles of a body of fact, a science, or an art <music theory>
4 a: a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action <her method is based on the theory that all children want to learn>
b: an ideal or hypothetical set of facts, principles, or circumstances —often used in the phrase in theory<in theory, we have always advocated freedom for all>
5: a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena <the wave theory of light>
6 a: a hypothesis assumed for the sake of argument or investigation
b: an unproved assumption : conjecture
c: a body of theorems presenting a concise systematic view of a subject <theory of equations>

I'm not going to post the next 37 definitions that involve the word "theory". I will note that even theories that have been abandoned, or are now considered untrue, are still called "the theory of " or something like "the steady state theory", which doesn't help at all.

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