Heh. I can do the Observer effect. The act of observing X, changes X. It's quite a general statement, in the sense that you can apply it in many fields, not just physics. Psychology and economics for example.

So thermometer/water. As you said- if there is enough water, this effect (heat transfer from water to thermometer fluid, or vice versa) is negligible. With a drop of water, it's not. Observing the temperature of the drop, will significantly changed it's temperature.

As for HUP- all I can say is that, from what I remember, it's the Observer Effect when you're talking about small particles and small scales. But there are specific/unique aspects to HUP, and I'm afraid I'm not very good at quantum stuff. I could confuse you more! Sorry.