Is it significant that you're not considering a collision then the reforming of oblates (such as Earth-Theia leading to the Earth-Moon system)? It is suspected that that was possible. Had Theia been closer in mass to Earth than Mars then a collision might still have led to a system.

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Yonder is Dubhe seen on Earth tonight as it was in the days of Grover Cleveland's presidency whereas this way is Deneb seen as it was in the lifetime of Muhammed . If one somehow travelled to Deneb at very close to c then whenever you looked back you'd measure Earth as closer to you than the distance you would simultaneously measure between Earth and Dubhe.