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Originally Posted by Sam5
But, this might NOT violate the “speed limit of c” if the galaxies are not moving through any fields. The “speed limit” is actually based on Lorentz theory of the motion of atoms “through fields”, not the motion of atoms “through empty space”. So, “c” might still be a “speed limit” for atoms moving through fields, such as gravitational fields, but the distant galaxies might not be moving through fields.
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Ummm... you do realise that *EVERYTHING* is always moving through a gravitational field, right? Any galaxy, however distant, creates a gravitational field by virtue of its mass so at very least it's smack in the middle of its own gravitational field. Moreover, *every other piece of matter in the universe* is creating a gravitational field that is, in some way, affecting every other piece of matter in the universe. It's impossible *not* to be travelling through a gravitational field.