1. 1960
2. Should be 23.5 degrees N, but since the Moon isn't perfectly on the ecliptic (5.2 degrees), 28.7??
3. Subaru
4. Wild guess: Mid November
5. Sedna (Trick question?)
6. The sun's gravity seems to be twice as strong. 330,000/(400)^2
7. 23 hr 56 min .04 seconds
8. 1610 I think.