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Originally Posted by Thomas Kirby
A ray may be scattered in this direction, but it will approach your telescope mirror at a different angle and be deflected away from your eyepiece or camera.
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This different angle generates the blur of the image of an object by a space-incoherent scattering close to this object.
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If the cloud of accreting matter around a black hole or neutron star is asymmetrical, won't its red shift show regular variations?
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No, because the redshift that we observe is on the straight path from the object to us. (I suppose that the object is small, so that all paths from it are equivalent).
Maybe I did not understand well the comment: If you mean that it is a time-variation of the amount of gas on the light path, it may be true.
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Emissions and absorptions would take place at changing distances from the central mass.
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Yes. this is the origin of lines observed with various redshifts in the observation of the quasars, for instance.
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The gravitational redshift would change with the distance from the central mass.
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Yes, but this redshift is much lower than the CREIL redshift, so that it may generally be neglected.