cyrek reply

fortis
Regarding orbitals, the planetary model is valid. I have explained this before and I will repeat.

The proton and the electron are the only two particles that can exist in isolation in open space or as an atom.. These particles have been thoroughly investigated and everything is known about them. Throughout space, there are no stationary particles because of the interacting forces. Two particles that are drawn to each other because of their interacting attraction will form a binary such as is seen by the major objects such as stars and the resulting planetary systems.

The proton and the electron will do likewise if their motions slow down enough for this to happen.
Scattered matter will form from the plasmas eventually. These two particles will form a binary. They will radiate a continuous standing wave when in a cold environment. This would be their ground state.
The electron, in open space, will spiral into the proton if in a higher energy state until its velocity and the protons subsequent spin resulting from the electrons orbital motion will reach the ground state where the magnetic interactions will stabilize the electrons further approach toward the proton to remain in its ground state.
All the HA’s in the ground state will not lose any further energy because they all radiate the same SW, so there will not be any further loss of energy. Besides, the interacting magnetic fields also stop any further loss of energy.

The rest is history. Planck eliminated the nature of light as a SW and showed that electrons radiate light only in pulses known as ‘quanta’. Thus, we are only sensitive to this type of light. The, Bohr theory of the planetary HA atom that his mentor suggested was born and is valid.

This to me is basic physics in action.

I do not need to know why the spatial 21 cm radiation is at that level.
I am only concerned about the state of the universe.

The big bang has no direct evidence for its concept except the Hubble Doppler observations.
They modified this to the EoS, which is not valid because Doppler deals with relative motions which has nothing to do with space. The Doppler observations portray us as being in the center of an expanding (explosion?) universe which is a virtual impossibility. It had to be replaced.

The Schroedinger orbitals are shown as clouds surrounding the protons. What happened to the electron? Did it vaporize into this cloud? This is ludicrous. The electron is a particle and a particle it will remain. It also does not disappear during an orbital jump when radiating a photon. It transits as a particle.
Also, the electron is the most important of the two particles. It is the particle involved in all our technology.

You say the electron is not a ‘single point charge’? Then what is the ‘coulomb?

The Ampere illustration shows that this rating is based on the length of a flow of current for ‘one meter’ as I stated. It does not involve a longer flow of current. Limitations have to be made.

CM
Regarding atoms, see above in reply to fortis.

The definition of the ‘spins’ is that they do not spin in the real sense. These terms are used to define that there are reserved positions for one electron in those spin positions.
My definition of spin is that they do have real spin (angular momentum?).

JMB
Thanks for your clarification on classical physics and QM.

__________________
aka Michael Cyrek