Re: Huygens Descent
This really belongs in ATM. A few questions for Jerry:
What about the ground proximity sensor aka ground radar? According to plan, it was turned on at 60 km height, and recorded the altitude directly from that point on.
It also took about ten minutes to fourteen minutes longer than expected to drop below mach 1.5 and release the main parachute.
Since the parachute release was a timed event, how would this be possible? It might occur earlier if the g-switches triggered, but not later.
Huygens impacted in the crater with the heat shield still attached, and Huygens went into survival mode.
What is 'survival mode'? Reference, please - as far as I know, no such thing exists.
As soon as the heat shield is released, a number of things happen. The ground radar is switched on, and in 30 seconds the three cameras shoot a sequence of pictures and relay them back to Cassini, so that, if anything unexpected happens, there will be a chance of recreating a visual sequence. These camera shots become the panorama of images documenting her landing: About seventy-two images that form a panorama mosiac of a heat shield impact crater.
Since the probe according to this scenario had impacted on the ground, and the cameras are mounted in a fixed position, how could they shoot a panorama? The probe needs to spin to shoot anything but a fixed location, and an impact would cancel the previous spin. Further, if the probe was ascending, the changing perspective would be rather obvious and also make it impossible to generate a composite image from the resulting image sequence - an image wouldn't fit together if its neighbour was taken at a significantly later time.
Huygens' explosive bolts (containing the same type of charges used in ejection seats) jettisoned the heat shield, flinging Huygens ~60 meters into the Titan air, briefly entangling in the still descending main parachute, and taking it with it. This sequence is caught in the earliest Huygens images.
Reference for these explosive bolts? To my knowledge, the bolts were exploded simply as an effective way of severing them. This is a technique that's been used since the sixties. No need for spectacular pyrotechnics next to some very sensitive instrument either - if you put a compressed spring between probe and shield around the bolts, it would do the job fine and inertia would do the rest. Again, very old and proven technique.
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