Well, the examples are the vast majority of humanity in history I think. So to start with (You have to start somewhere):China. Here, to be more precise: China have expanded some periods, but into formerly inhabited areas, sometimes making the lokals chinese, sometimes not. Throughout its history the chinese surely made some inventions, also of a tecnical kind. The point is I doubt if an innovative culture was ever regarded as very basical to the chinese. It is also correct that the chinese made some oversea voyages. The point is they early dropped the whole thing, as far as I know.
Here is some parralels to the "classical" western cultures, Greece and Rome, which early made some science like advances (Found out the size of earth, and one even made a heliocentric theory of the universe as far as I know). The point is again:they soon stopped progress in those matters (about 2-3 centuries B.C., in Egyptian - Greek Alexandria). Greek and roman territorial expansion was not so much about settling uninhabited territory as about making trade stations, expanding their culture, and first and foremost conquering other peoples (In that way they were like a host of other peoples, not the least the early european explorers, which were conquerors, not so much settlers (spain, portugal, etcetera in 16. 17. century). Not even "Western Civilisation" was very geografical expansive most of the time; oversea settlement only since ca 1450, settlement of any significant size much shorter time, and much of this period only particular parts. From AD. 500 to AD 1500 only from Norway any sizeable colonisation (North Atlantic, Iceland, Greenland, North America). And again they did not go on, but the settlements in North America(if they ever were) and Greenland (existing for some 500 centuries) disappeared. So truly expansive populations and settlement have been the exeption, even in the probably most expansive culture ever:the western.
(here again there is a question of definition:germans had a large eastward movement. But that was not oversea, and first and foremost it was into inhabited zones. Probably to a very large extend the local population was germanised. That does not qualify as extending human settlement).
Even in Noth America and Australia the big settlement era was rather short, I believe. (but perhaps someone here know more about that topic).
So, that was some examples.