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Originally Posted by Fr. Wayne
I like your argument for the small expansion rate. But when considered in all directions it isn't so puny to me.
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Well…technically…you’re correct. An infinitesimal expansion rate viewed over infinite distance comes out to mind-boggling velocity! Recession velocity at 14 Bly approaches the speed of light, and then what?
The problem is, the human mind cannot take-in infinity. The best we can do is to look at the 14 Bly bubble of universe that is visible, and assume that beyond 14 Bly is more of the same.
Here’s the deal: the expansion of the universe is a manifestation of the yin-yang principal on the largest scale. Remember the debate in the 19th century over whether light was particle or wave? Well, it’s both. How about the fuss in the 20th century over whether human behavior is Nature or Nurture? Of course, it’s both. And poor Einstein nearly tore his hair out, because his equations of GR seemed to say that space must either expand or contract, yet it was observed to be doing neither!
Hubble and big telescopes came to Einstein’s rescue, however, when it was discovered that space is expanding after all. You just have to look half-way to infinity to really see it. But the complete answer to Einstein’s puzzlement is that space is actually doing both. It is another "duality of nature." Space contracts on “local” scales, and “expands” on cosmic scale. While this cannot be pictured in a Newtonian space-time coordinate system, GR allows it.
Within the 5 Mpc distance mentioned earlier—a more precise figure has been published somewhere, but I cannot recall where—there is net contraction. Stuff “falls in,” radiating energy as it does so. Beyond the 5 Mpc mark, stuff “falls away.” The energy released by contraction supplies the energy of expansion. You could say gravity is “causing” expansion, because the expansion is the flip-side of local gravitational contraction. Expansion is a reaction to contraction. It is balancing the energy books. Local contraction is the yin, and cosmic expansion is the yang.
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Originally Posted by Nereid
A quick dimensional analysis ... km/s/Mpc has dimensions of...frequency. It's a pretty deep frequency, wouldn't you say?
Peter Wilson said as much, in line 2) above (though I get 2.3 x 10-18 Hz, not -19).
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Dooh!
You're right...it shoulda' been 23 x 10^-19/sec. But the end result is the same.
The Hubble constant is not in units of frequency, which is
cycles per unit time.
H is just "per unit time" (w/o cycles).
A better way to think of it is in terms of a "time-constant." We say a radioactive sample has a "half-life" of so-many years. The universe is not shrinking, like a sample of radioactive material, it is expanding. The universe therefore has a "doubling-time," about 10^10 years. If the expansion rate is constant, which it has been for at least the past 5 billion years (about as far as we can presently see), then it will double in size in 10 billion years.