Is there anything you could do, even in principle, in a lab or with a telescope (or in a million labs and with a million telescopes) that could show your idea is how the universe 'works'?

Well there have been many projects to try and prove that time dose slow down, they have proved on one project that it dose. The project involved launching a rocket with a clock or timer on board, they would then register the time to see if it differed from earth time as it left our gravitational feild. (The diffrence was very small but there was one.) What i do net understand about this experiment is how they could record the diffrence in time, being by the time the radio waves reached earth the times would be correct. (This is from what i have read and understood on the subject) So if somone could explain how they did it i would be glad to know. But being there is a shift in time, it has been proven that it can warp, therefore there has to be at least a second dimension to time.