Attiyah's Sun Theory

Abstract

1- Science considers that the origin of the whole electromagnetic flux received at the Earth directly from the seen Sun's position in the sky is originally generated by intrasolar, nuclear fusion reactions. Is this consideration completely right?
I consider that "no" is the plausible answer. I see that the Sun as observed at the Earth involves an auroral corona of continuous, global, daytime, very bright auroras. This means that the light the Earth receives from the seen Sun's position in the sky is partly from an auroral origin, i.e., this part, irrespective of its ratio, is produced in the whole daytime ionosphere-magnetosphere system by the same mechanism that produces the classical polar auroras. So, can we prove that the Sun as observed at the Earth involves an auroral corona?
2- Science considers that the skylight is due to the scattering of the solar light by the constituents of the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere.
Is this consideration completely right?
According to Attiyah’s Sun Theory, the answer is: "no". This theory considers that very considerable portion of the skylight (the light that is spread during the day in the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere) is originally produced in the whole daytime ionosphere-magnetosphere system by the same mechanism which generates the classical polar auroras.

Attiyah's Postulates

1) A main portion of the skylight comes from global daytime auroras.
2) Through its intimate coordination and cooperation with the rest of the magnetosphere, including Van Allen radiation belts, the ionosphere serves as a global-scale discharge tube.
3) The magnetosphere works as a parabolic converging mirror.
4) The Sun as seen at the Earth’s surface involves a well-developed auroral radiant point (auroral corona).
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Evidence from the Midnight Sun

Postulate # 1 under Discussion

"A main portion of the skylight comes from global daytime auroras".


My theory does not deny that the main portion of the skylight, especially in the stratosphere and the underlying gases, is a scattered light, but it does not consider that the main portion of the scattered light is from a solar origin. Instead, my theory considers that a main portion of the scattered light in the skylight in the stratosphere and the underlying gases is auroral in origin, and that usually during the daytime the scattered light in these layers has an aurora-lit background mostly apparent visually in the form of all-sky diffuse auroras. In the stratosphere and even in the upper mesosphere, there are an effective intensity of the blue ozone and a greatly lesser amount of the blue argon. However, I wonder if there is any relation between the presence of the natural "ozone hole" and the midnight Sun phenomenon. No doubt, the auroras themselves are a source of a lot of blue and bluish-violet spectra.
What are the main phenomena capable of supporting this consideration?
1)Frequently very bright polar auroras light the sky to the level of making it appears not only as blue as during the normal daytime but also even as bright as during it.
2)The twilight and the differences of its duration and brightness both of which are latitude dependent and season dependent.
3) The skylight during the totality phase of the solar eclipse mostly remains greatly brighter than the twilight. Frequently, the track of totality becomes brightly lit with green light
4) The Midnight Sun.
At the time of the midnight Sun, the sky becomes dark in spite of the presence of the Sun somewhat high above the horizon. Simply, the midnight Sun means that the normal Sun of the daytime is present at the time of the night or in a night sky. In other words, it means a sunny sky at night ,.i.e. a sunny sky without daylight even of the brightness of the twilight. Therefore, this phenomenon incites one to ask: where has the daylight that is usually concomitant with the Sun just gone?
5) The so-called white nights.
Simply, a white night is a prolonged, somewhat bright twilight which sometimes extends along the otherwise originally supposed normal, dark night such that there would be no normal night darkness separating the evening twilight from the morning one. In other words, a white night means that the 24-hour day would be formed of permanent daylight such that it could be divided into: a sunny part and a Sunless part. In five words, a white night is a Sunless daylight.
Fortunately, both the phenomenon of the midnight Sun and the phenomenon of white nights are coincident. Factually, both of these two phenomena occur within the arctic and antarctic circles. Accordingly, because these two abnormalities are light displays, one would conclude that they should be associated with optical activities thought of to be characteristic of the regions within the arctic and Antarctic circles such that they would be extensive to the degree of showing all-sky display. Owing to the presence of the two classical auroral zones within the Arctic and Antarctic circles, it turns out that the sought optical activities are the auroras themselves.
In short, the midnight Sun is a phenomenon characteristic of the auroral zone indicating the absence of the skylight in spite of the presence of the Sun somewhat high in the same sky. As well, the white night is a phenomenon characteristic of the auroral zone indicating the absence of the Sun in spite of the presence of somewhat bright skylight in the same sky.
Accordingly, one can reach a common conclusion saying that the presence and the absence of the skylight are associated with the auroral activities.
Anyway, it is worthwhile mentioning that around the midnight the diffuse auroras are usually greatly fainter than the discrete ones (Lloyd et al, Space Research, COSPAR Series, vol. VIII, p. 186)
(Carlson and Egeland, Introduction to Space Physics, p. 477 & p. 488).
In addition to, it is probable that at such a time comparatively very high auroras might occur in the upper parts of F2-layer rather than in the D-layer and E-layer that, first, are directly overlying the scattering atmospheric layers or only few tens of kilometers far from them, respectively , second, at the night time their electric currents usually become weak and, third, their electron and ion contents decrease considerably. Of course, the midnight Sun phenomenon occurs at night. In short, during the normal daytime the bright auroras of the D- and E- layers are near to the scattering atmospheric layers, and their light and blue emissions also form a bright background for these layers meanwhile the auroras at the time of the midnight Sun are comparatively too far from the same layers, and their colors are generally void of blue emissions.
So far, because of the relatively too high occurrence of the midnight auroras their diffuse displays, if any, become mostly subvisual. In addition to, because of their great distance – several hundreds of kilometers - from the stratospheric layers and the underlying gases they mostly cannot provide them with enough light to cause the visual degree of scattering, meanwhile their almost subvisual discrete displays could converge and make their auroral radiant point and its corona which may seem:
A- obviously rayed as in the case of the images at these URLs wherein we can judge that the Sun's disk involves an auroral radiant point and its companion corona:
http://w2.syronex.com/jmr/albums/200...Sun-3.jpg.html
http://joannagabler.com/images/lgimages/midnightSun.jpg
http://spacSun.rice.edu/~has/Midnight_Sun.htm
B- faintly rayed such as in the case of the images at URLs:
http://tonno.tesre.bo.cnr.it/~bellalui/Midnight1.jpg
C- non-rayed, or perhaps with subvisual rayedness such as in the case of the image at URL:
http://www.wisarts.com/digital/threed/pages/013_jpg.htm
Anyway, it is probable that auroral displays of visual, rayed draperies and curtains would occur in the upper parts of E-layer or in F1-layer and appear converged Sun-aligned as in the image at this URL:
http://www.enchgallery.com/fractals/...idnightSun.htm

Summary

Although, first, the "midnight Sun" phenomenon is observed in the sky of the heart of the auroral zone and, second, the midnight at such a region is usually a time of auroral activity which might show very bright discrete auroras, there are no reports of seeing any "auroral radiant point" besides the midnight Sun or far from it. Therefore, I consider that the absence of the auroral corona from the sky of the midnight Sun can indicate that the midnight Sun itself usually involves it. Sometimes, the face of the midnight Sun appears as converged draperies.
(Greenler, R., Rainbows, Haloes and Glories, 1980, p. 22, p. 160, and p. 176).
(Assimov, I., The Double Planet, 1960, p. 85).
However, it is well known that the auroral draperies show convergence at an auroral radiant point that is usually accompanied by an auroral corona:
(Chapman and Bartels, Geomagnetism, 1951, p. 456, plate 29, and plate 30).