Hi

I posted some cut and pasted websites on alternative cosmological theories

one is mine, The Gravitational Instability Theory

the other two is Rufus Galaxy Web Page

and the 3rd is Tour The Force

Rufus Galaxy Web Page is the best alternative cosmological theory to the Big Bang that I have ever read

yet the question

When Did Motion First Start needs some " imaginary PHOTONS "

hint

Cosmic Magnetic Force and God Bless You

Br Dan Izzo
-------------------------------

Saturday, August 21, 2004

The Gravitational Instability Cosmological Theory on the Formation of the Universe


When did Motion Start ?

Sent to:Science Magazine Aug 2 2004

The Gravitational Instability Cosmological Theory
on the Formation of the Universe.

When the Universe started to fall

(1) The expansion of the universe is a result of the " heat ' contained therein;

(2) The source of the " heat " is the cosmic microwave radiation backround at 3 kelvin,
wherein;

(3) The microwave electro magnetic-nuclear energy was formed as a result of the
interaction of two different static gravitational vacuum fields, causing gravitational
instability and the motion, void of matter, at this time,

wherein; static gravitational field (1) began to go into "motion".

Therefore; only (2) static gravitational vacuum fields alone, being void of E=MC^2

could create E=MC^2; and the matter of the Universe.

When did motion first start ?

Science knows the formation of matter in our universe was caused by the forces of the

universe.

These forces are:

(1) The Force of Gravity

(2) The Force of Electro Magnetism

(3) The Strong Nuclear Force

(4) The Weak Nuclear Force

At some point in time, motion within the universe, had to begin.
The paradox would be, what force could cause motion to begin, without moving in its
present space-time ?

The Gravitational Cosmological Theory was
developed from an is rooted in the Einstein Steady State Theory and the Bondi-Gold-Hoyle Steady State Theory,

Wherein the Steady State Theory the universe,
contains more protons than electrons that
create dust particles and
galaxies formed in their current locations and the cosmic
matter is recycled therein at the center of the galaxy furnace.
------------
When the Universe started to fall:
The Gravitational Instability Cosmological Theory on the Formation of the Universe.
The Theory:
(1) The expansion of the universe is a result of the " heat ' contained therein;
(2) The source of the " heat " is the cosmic microwave radiation backround at 3 kelvin,
wherein;
(3) The microwave electro magnetic-nuclear energy was formed as a result of the
interaction of two different static gravitational vacuum fields, causing gravitational
instability and the motion, void of matter, at this time, wherein; static gravitational
field (1) began to go into "motion".
Therefore; only (2) static gravitational vacuum fields alone, being void of E=MC^2
could create E=MC^2; and the matter of the Universe.
Q: When did this motion start?
A: If a neutral particle is able to resist the universal motion, in theory, that particle
would go back in time. Going back in time the neutral particle would then enter into (1)
of the (2) motionless-static gravity vacuum fields void of motion, and cause an unbalance
and gravitational instability and this interaction would create motion and energy
particles.
Q: What causes a gravitational static vacuum field in the first place ?
A: Pressure force is used to create a vacuum on Earth, perhaps an exotic something
100,000 times weaker than the force of gravity decays, causing a static-motionless gravity vacuum field.

Theory by

Rev Daniel Izzo July 2002
512 Onondaga Ave
Syracuse, NY 13207


posted by Rev Dan Izzo @ 1:52 AM

3 Comments:
At 2:16 AM, Rev Dan Izzo said...
Subj: The Steady State Theory verses The Big Bang Theory / Cosmological alternatives
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Theory (2)


The Steady State Galaxy Theory

by R.Rufus Young
galaxy@nbnet.nb.ca
Last revised Dec 30,1996

An Alternative To

The Big Bang Theory

Go to Text only version. INDEX


Introduction
Basic Operation of Galaxies
Mass and Energy
Shape of Galaxies
Red Shift
Microwave Background Radiation
Entropy
Hydrogen-Helium Ratio
Quasars
Summary Introduction

The purpose of this Web Page is to show that the Steady State Galaxy Theory can provide an alternative to the Big Bang Theory in explaining the universe around us. It covers the operation of Galaxies and shows that they recycle both Matter and Energy and are able to carry on indefinitely. It also explains the Shape of Galaxies, Red Shift, Microwave Background Radiation, Entropy and the Hydrogen-Helium Ratio.

If the reader takes an open-minded approach and looks at all aspects of the material presented here before reaching any conclusions, it will, at least, provide them with some food for thought.

Basic Operation of Galaxies

At the center of each galaxy is a neutroid which acts to constantly recycle all the matter and energy in the galaxy. This neutroid is similar to a neutron star but is very much larger and has reached a size where the pressure and temperature at its surface are great enough to generate a nuclear fusion process. In the areas of the neutroid's magnetic poles, the products of fusion are trapped by the magnetic field and are pushed out along the magnetic field by the pressure of the nuclear fusion process going on below. This results in a column of material composed of hydrogen, helium and other light elements being ejected at each of the neutroid's two magnetic poles. This material moves out from the neutroid at essentially constant velocity until it reaches a point where the magnetic field is no longer strong enough to control it. Once free of the magnetic field the material then continues under it's own momentum to travel to the outer edge of the galaxy before starting to fall back toward the neutroid.

This process enables the neutroid to eject matter from itself and results in jets of hydrogen and helium ions being produced at each of the neutroid's two magnetic poles. The larger the neutroid becomes, the greater the size and velocity of its jets. This becomes a stable and self-limiting process where the amount of material attracted to the neutroid will be equal to the amount of material expelled at its magnetic poles. Eventually if too much material is added to the system, the velocity of the material being ejected from the magnetic poles will be sufficient for it to escape from the system altogether, thus limiting the total mass the system can accumulate. This process forms the basis of operation of all galaxies. The size and shape of galaxies are determined by the size of the neutroid at their center and its rate and plane of rotation. In the case of our own galaxy (The Milky Way) these jets have sufficient momentum to carry the material out to 100,000 light years distance from the center.

As the jets of gas stream out from the Neutroid, large clouds of it condense and form the stars which are predominately located in the spiral arms of the Galaxies. These stars eventually burn up their Hydrogen fuel and in the process create the other heavier elements we find in the universe, all the while continuing to travel to the outer edge of the galaxy. It has probably been at least 10 Billion years since the material of which our solar system is composed was initially ejected from the neutroid. It is now located about 2/3rds the distance to the edge of the galaxy, but since it is constantly decelerating it will take it another 20 billion years to reach its maximun distance from the neutroid. The total transit time from when material is ejected from the neutroid at the center of the Milky Way to when it returns to the neutroid will be about 60 Billion years.

Although the material ejected by the neutroid appears to travel in a spiral arc, in actual fact it is travelling in a straight radial line out from the neutroid and will eventually travel back along the same radial path to the neutroid. To help visualize this process, imagine setting up two super cannons, each on opposite sides of the earth at the equator and each pointing straight up and each capable of firing a projectile with sufficient velocity that it will take 12 hours to reach the top of its projectory. Now, fire a projectile from each cannon every hour for 12 hours and plot the position of each projectile at the end of the 12 hours. The result, as shown in figure 1, will be two spiral arms much like the Galactic arms are shaped.

IF we continue the experiment for another 3 hours and draw a new plot, figure 2, we find that the first projectiles that were fired have now passed the peak of their altitude and have started to fall back to earth and the whole spiral pattern appears to have rotated counterclockwise 45 degrees. However, the only changes in the positions of projectiles No.1 have been to move slightly closer to the earth along a radial line and they will continue falling back to earth along the same radial path and will impact the earth 24 hours after being fired. They do not themselves travel in a spiral path around the earth although the loci of their instantaneous positions forms a spiral which appears to be rotating.

Figure 3 represents a typical small galaxy which is composed of 3 parts, (a) a Central Core (Area 1), (B) 2 Jets of material being ejected from the core (Areas 1 to 2), and © Spiral Arms (Areas 2 to 3). The Central Core consists of a neutroid at the center and an obscuring mass of material trapped in the Neutroid's magnetic field. The areas from 1 to 2 are gigantic jets of gas which are being ejected by the Neutroid and are contained within its magnetic field. Star formation occurs in these areas. At point 2 the magnetic field of the Neutroid weakens to the extent that it no longer constrains the material within it and as the material continues to move outward it will now trace a spiral arc as per the previous illustrations in Figs. 1 & 2. At point 3 the hydrogen fuel has been consumed and although the remains of the burned out stars are still there they become invisible dark matter as they continue to travel to the top of their projectory and then fall back to the Neutroid.

Thus, the galaxies form huge recycling systems which will carry on indefinitely.

Hydrogen, helium and other light elements are ejected ejected from the Neutroid.
Clouds of this material condense to forms stars which emit energy and in the process form heavier elements.
These stars eventually exhaust their fuel and die. In the process many of these stars will explode as supernovas. The heavier elements which we find in our solar system are the remnants from these dead stars.
All this material will travel to the outer edge of the galaxy and will then start falling back in toward the neutroid.
Upon hitting the neutroid, the force of the impact will be great enough that the atoms of heavier elements will be split apart and the temperature and pressure will be great enough that this incoming matter will be converted to neutrons.
In the areas of the neutroid's magnetic poles, a nuclear fusion reaction will take place that forces a streams of material to be expelled thus completing the cycle.

(return to index)

Mass and Energy

Einstein showed that mass and energy are related by the formula E=MC^2. What this famous formula says is that what we call the mass of a particle is really nothing more than a measure of the sum total of all forms of energy associated with that particle. The various forms of energy include potential energy, kinetic energy, chemical energy, nuclear binding energy, etc. Of these various forms of energy, potential energy is the most important and accounts for the largest part of the mass of particles which constitute our immediate enviroment.

When a particle is in a deep gravational well, such as in the case of particles that make up the neutroid at the center of galaxies, they have very little potential energy,and hence, very little rest mass. As they are pushed out from the neutroid their potential energy and hence their rest mass is increased dramatically. When these particles eventually fall back into the neutroid, this potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and results in the particles making up the neutroid having very little rest mass but a tremendous amount of kinetic energy.

This combination of low rest mass and high kinetic energy prevent the neutroid from collapsing into a black hole as has been speculated by many scientists. This combination also makes it relatively easy for a nuclear fussion process to push material out from the neutroid in the area of the neutroid's magnetic poles.

(return to index)

Shape of Galaxies

The Concept of the Steady State Galaxy as put forth above can account for the shape of all galaxies we see in the universe. As explained above, the spiral is the basic shape of galaxies. The exact shape will be determined by the size of the neutroid, the tilt of its magnetic axis with respect to its axis of rotation and its rate of rotation .

Our Milky-Way is typical of large mature galaxies in which it takes many billions of years for the magnetic poles to make one revolution. As well, the hydrogen ejected at the magnetic poles has sufficient velocity to reach a distance of 100,000 light-years from the Neutroid and it takes it tens of billions of years to reach that distance. If the rate of rotation of the magnetic poles of the Neutroid were much greater in relation to the velocity of the hydrogen jets, the spiral arms would overlap and become nondistinct thus forming an ELIPICAL Galaxy. If the magnetic axis were slightly less than 90 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation, a thicker galaxy would result.

BAR Galaxies are small galaxies in which the hydrogen fueling the Stars is all consumed before the Stars can escape the magnetic field of the Neutroid's magnetic poles.

Many galaxies such as M104(NGC4594) exhibit a very prominent dust lane about their edge. This is a feature that is difficult to explain using presently accepted theories but is to be expected in some types of galaxies under the steady state galaxy theory.

(return to index)

Red Shift

The Big Bang Theory was originally proposed in order to explain the 'RED Shift' of light received by us from distant galaxies. Light received from distant stars can be broken down and analyzed as to its spectral content. It has been found that stars of a similar size and age produce identical spectral patterns which are related to their atomic composition. However, it was also found that the wavelength of the light from distant galaxies was increased in proportion to their distance from us. Scientists have interpreted the cause of this effect to be due to a doppler shift, meaning that it is caused by the distant galaxies moving away from us,-i.e. the expanding universe. This doppler shift is the same as one gets standing near a railway track when a train passes blowing its whistle, as the train passes by, the sound of its whistle appears to drop in frequency.

In reality the universe we live in is not expanding and is in a steady state where its matter and energy are being constantly recycled. The so called Red Shift is caused by other factors. We know from a branch of Physics known as Quantum Mechanics that the Energy of a photon of light is defined by the equation E=hv where E is the energy of the photon, h is plancks' constant and v is its frequency. If for any reason energy is lost from a photon, its frequency will decrease in accordance with this equation.

Scientists do not as yet have a good understanding of the nature of a photon as to whether it is a particle or a wave, or some combination of both. Although experiments done by Michhelson and Morley and others have been interpreted to rule out the existence of an universal aether, this is by no means certain. Scientists can't measure what happens to a photon over a period of a minute, let alone what happens to to it over a period of a billion years. Based on current knowledge, there is no way scientists can state with absolute certainty that photons do not lose energy over time.

The mechanism for the lose of energy by photons over time is still unclear. It could be by interaction of the photon with the stray atoms of hydrogen which are dispersed throughout intergalactic space. It is well known that photons do exert 'radiation pressure' on particles they encounter and if pressure is exerted, then energy must be transferred. Another possibility is that there is indeed an aether which absorbs some energy over time and reradiates it as a black body radiator having a temperature of 2.8 degrees K. One thing that is clear is that the radiation density of the starlight photons which leave own galaxy is equal to the radiation density of the Microwave Background radiation which is received by our galaxy. This fact is probably more than a coincidence and is an indication that the starlight radiation is being converted by some unknown process to the Microwave Background radiation. It is every bit as reasonable to assume that the Red Shift is caused by loss of energy of the photon over time as it is to assume that it is caused by a doppler effect.

Because of the downshifting in the frequency of light for whatever reason, there is a limit to how far it is possible to image distant galaxies. The actual universe will be far larger than we can imagine or detect and will probably be infinite in size.

(return to index)

MicroWave Background Radiation

A second argument which has been made to support the Big Bang Theory is the microwave background radiation. COBE has shown that the spectrum of the Microwave Background Radiation (MBR) is that of an ideal Black Body Radiator having a temperature of about 2.8 degrees K. It has also shown that this radiation has a Redshift/Blueshift to it, indicating that the earth is moving about 300Km/s relative to the shell of matter that emitted the radiation. Since this speed is too great for the earth's movement within the milky-way galaxy, it indicates that the source is outside our galaxy and that our galaxy is moving in relation to that source.

As indicated in the previous section dealing with redshift, the starlight photons radiated by galaxies gradually lose energy through some unknown process which then reradiates this energy as the Microwave Background Radiation. The wavelength of the photons of the MBR, at the peak of the spectrum radiation curve, will be about 1mm. Since the rate of loss of energy by photons will be inversely proportional to the wavelength of those photons, and since the MBR photons have a wavelength of more than a thousand times that of visible light, the percentage loss of energy by the MBR photons will be at a rate of over one thousand times less than that of a visible photon. (If it takes a visible photon 15 billion years to lose 3/4's of it's energy, then it would take a MBR photon 15,000 billion years to lose 3/4's of it's energy). It follows that since MBR photons have a range of travel of more than one thousand times that of visible light photons, they are also a thousand times more likely to encounter a galaxy and be absorbed by the matter of that galaxy then a visible light photon would.

Thus, energy is radiated by galaxies in the form of starlight photons. Energy from these photons is gradually converted to MBR photons. These MBR photons are eventually absorbed by some other galaxy.

Since the intensity of the microwave background radiation will be relatively constant throughout the universe (assuming an infinite steady state universe), the amount of energy a galaxy will absorb from it will be proportional to the size of that galaxy. The amount of energy a galaxy radiates is also proportional to it's size, thus an equilibrium will be reached where a galaxy will receive as much energy in the form of MBR photons as it itself radiates in the form of starlight photons.

(return to index)

Entropy

A third argument that has been put forward in support of the Big Bang Theory is entropy, in that, it is argued that the universe must eventually run down into a state of thermal equilibrium. Energy exists in various forms such as atomic binding energies, thermal energy, potential and kinetic energy, etc., all of which are associated with matter, or it exists in photons which have been radiated by matter and will eventually be reabsorbed by matter. Under the Steady State Galaxy Theory as put forth above, since all matter in a Galaxy is recycled through the Neutroid on a regular basis, all energy contained by that matter is also recycled at the same time and, thus, the universe does not run down into a state of thermal equilibrium.

There is a perception that energy only flows from hot bodies to cooler ones. This is not true for radiant energy. The MBR photons which exhibit the characteristics of a 2.8 degree black body radiator do get absorbed by the much hotter material which makes up the galaxies. The critical factor which determines the direction of net flow of radiant energy is not the relative temperatures of the bodies but the energy densities they produce. In the case of our universe, the MBR radiation has an energy density equal to the starlight radiation energy density emitted by the galaxies. Thus, there is an equilibrium condition where galaxies receive as much energy in the form of MBR Radiation as they radiate in the form of Starlight Radiation and there will be no net flow of energy from the galaxies to the material in intergalactic space.

(return to index)

Hydrogen-Helium

A fourth arguement which has been used to support the Big Bang theory is that it would account for the abundance of helium we find in the universe. The amount of helium present (24%) cannot be accounted for by star production and according to Gamow it was generated by the Big Bang.

Under the Steady State Galaxy theory, the nuclear fusion process which is expelling the material from the neutroid would generate large amounts of helium as well as other light elements and is the source of the excess helium found in the universe.

(return to index)

Quasars

The latest Hubble pictures of quasars show that they are associated with galaxies and in most cases there is evidence that these galaxies have recently collided with other galaxies.

In normal galaxies, the neutroid at their center is obscured by a halo of material trapped in the neutroid's magnetic field. In the case of quasars, this halo of material has been temporarily destroyed by the collision with another galaxy and we are seeing the bare neutroid which is, as expected, extremely energetic.

(return to index)

Summary

The Steady State Galaxy Theory as put forth above can provide the basis for the operation of the Universe as it is seen to exist. It can not only account for the shape of all galaxies we see in the universe which is something no other theory as proposed so far can accomplish but it can also explain the existence of quasars.

As more data is gathered by the Hubble Space Telescope and other sources, it is becoming increasingly clear that the Big Bang theory cannot account for the universe around us. I believe the the Steady State Galaxy Theory as presented here can provide the basis of an alternative to the Big Bang Theory.

(return to index) (return to top of page) Other Interesting Papers

For a historical perspective of the Big Bang Theory see Keith Stein's Essay "The Big Bang Myth"

"Endless, Boundless, Stable Universe" by Grote Reber -a pioneer in the field of Radio Astronomy.

"Dark Matter" and "Hubble's Constant in Terms of the Compton Effect" by John Kierein



Please E-mail me your comments and suggestions.

galaxy@nbnet.nb.ca
Last revised Dec 30,1996.
Copyright R.Rufus Young 1996 all rights reserved.
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At 2:32 AM, Rev Dan Izzo said...
VORTEX

Liquid - Gravity Induced Vortex

A plug is pulled under a contained volume of liquid.
The liquid above the discharge opening starts dropping down through the opening creating a lower pressure column of liquid.
The Pascal?s rule of pressure in fluids says that the static pressure within the whole volume exerted sideways around this dropping column will attempt to fill into the dropping water column, creating an inverted cone of flow toward the discharge.
The surface plane of the liquid develops a hollow due to the pressure drop above the discharge.
If the liquid column is in a sufficient ratio to the opening diameter, gravitational acceleration at the surface hollow tends to outrun the discharge rate and any slightest impetus causes the liquid sliding down the slope of the depression to spin. Vortex develops easier in a conical vessel than in any other vessel, because it is the surface hollow where the gravitational acceleration causes the liquid to slide into the falling liquid column.
The static pressure orthogonal to the vortex vertical axis acts on the column as the total static pressure (area x force). Vortex spin translates this pressure into accelerating "orbital" speed of the column. (fig 1)
The circular motion component is triggered by external influences, such as rotation of earth, or by general liquid flow, if any. The circular motion within a vortex redirects the strictly centripetal horizontal pressure component in the liquid side railing it off the vertical axis of the vortex, accelerating the vortex circular motion. The static pressure in the liquid surrounding the vortex becomes realized into the circular motion of the vortex. Therefore, the horizontal vector of static pressure acts as a vortex spin accelerator. The dynamic relations within a vortex cause a greater transfer of gravitational energy into liquid circular motion, than can be accounted for by strictly downward static pressure calculations. If the liquid did not spin, the horizontal component of static pressure would act on the vortex axis symmetrically, and the would not be realized as spin motion.


In plain terms; while the orthogonal vector of static pressure from the surrounding volume acts on the column along the "surface" area of the whole column, it accelerates the spin of the column with total force equal to the static pressure drop per unit of area at the particular depth and at all these units. There are many more units (lets say mm^2) of the surface of the water column then in the cross section of the discharge hole.

In the most simple terms, the area across the static pressure acting on a vortex accelerating its liquid (or fluid) into spin is substantially greater than the cross sectional area of the discharge hole. The acceleration on the falling column comes from vertical acceleration of the column. In other words; the "horizontal" rotational component of gravitational acceleration of the liquid surrounding the vortex speeds up the circular component of water flow around the vortex. The vertical gravitational acceleration (drop) of water within the column is caused by vertical attraction on that column only. The vertical component of static pressure within the vortex is not lessened by all that much, as can be seen from the depth and size of the depression of the vortex at the surface.

As the column progresses in its vertical motion down, the energy of vortex circular speed is also progressively translated into the energy of vertical speed of the column. If the circular component of the vortex speed at the bottom of a discharge were used for energy production along with the falling column kinetic energy, these two components combined would supply greater total energy output than needed for lifting of the same liquid volume (per unit of time) to the original height.

In other words, we would be milking total static pressure exerted by gravitation on liquid volume from a much greater area than discharge hole area without having to pay the cost of returning that volume back to the height across that same area. It seems obvious from the above that static pressure, or tension of a field, can be translated into circular motion of a medium.

Vortex phenomenon is the proof that field ?static potential? can be utilized for energy extraction. Vortex phenomenon also proves that the so-called "static potential" energy of fields is caused by dynamic energy flows. This does not violate any laws of physics, it is a law of physics.

The discharge and the surrounding containment have to be regular in shape, otherwise more and chaotic turbulences within the fluid accelerating through the discharge break the vortex symmetry and hinder its progress. Regular does not mean a perfect cone, but a shape mimicking the structure of natural turbulence. This shape is somewhat ropy walled parabolic cone.

VORTICES
The circumferential speed of liquid molecules within a vortex increases as the molecules approach the central axis of the vortex. Therefore, it is clear that the farther a molecule is from this axis, the lesser is its orbital speed.
Any object within such vortex, including the liquid molecules, spin themselves counter to the spin of the vortex, as their outer orbital speed is slower than their inner speed relative to the axis of the vortex. (Planetary gear or a bearing ball in a bearing represents such a counter spin)
Unless other forces are present, any small vortice within a major vortex counter spins.
Some claim that such a phenomenon has never been observed in nature. Crap. It is readily observable phenomenon on rivers. Any larger vortex in a cove of a river bend has these counter spinning satellite vortices present. They are usually transient, but are readily observable in nature.

This principle has a severe impact on the coalescing theory of planetary systems as well as galactic systems. It is obvious that planets should spin counter to planetary system. Since not all of them do, actually the majority does not, it is obvious that the spin of planets and stars has its casualty in the behavior of magnetic and electric fields, rather than being a remainder of gas cloud vortice motion within the solar system general vortex.

Any and every energy flow through a restriction under an orthogonal pressure of a field tends to develop a vortex structure. It does not matter whether that flow is liquid, gaseous or what we consider to be a field. The acceleration gain in a vortex is a utilizable phenomenon. It is one of the phenomena, which counteracts thermal entropy in the universe. It concentrates the rate of flow through a restriction utilizing a dispersed energy of a general field.

Any and every so-called massive particle contains a few geometries of vortexes (Nucleon). The main, dense flows can be considered to be magnetic field compounds of the dispersed electric field components. Electric field components qualify for a sort of aether, but not a chaotic aether of the past and not exactly liquid like in a sense of water in the sea. It?s liquid is comparable to water flow in rivers.

S.D.K. November 18, 2000

INDEXFIELD FORCES



We have a few principles of the induction of attractive and repulsive force.

The primary (snake propagation) has been described in my original Tour the Force

The secondary attractive force acts between two reciprocating counter flows of positive and negative components of primary as well as secondary gravitational field. The two flows, passing each other, vortex on their common side. Their mutual propagation along the long axis is caused by the primary principle, but the friction between these two flows creates vortexes between them slowing their common side fringe down as opposed to their far sides fringe.

If you care for a graphic description, look up some photos of Jupiter atmosphere. Its atmosphere moves in strips of counter flowing gas streams and these photos will do better than anything I can draw.

It is this slowing down of the near side fringe, which attracts parallel paths together. Once we have fringes on two or more sides of a single thread of a path, created by the proximity of other paths, we get a general field strength gradient toward the mother body wherever a mother body is present in space, a star, a planet, a wire.

Why wire? Look through a fly screen at some really colorful background. Autumn leaves on maple trees will do rather well. You will find out what I am talking about when you realize that the blurry effect you can see is caused by the ?curvature of space? around the wires. That curvature is discriminate and it may resonate, although you would not see it. Such a resonance is behind the effect of Young double slit experiment. Yes, light is a sort of wave, but the explanation of Young double slit experiment is not a proof of it. It was a partly lucky and partly unlucky mistake.

Why the strings rubbing against each other by their fringes do not stop like any other frictional system? The energy of the path has nowhere to dissipate, so it does not dissipate anywhere. That energy can and is used once a gravitational field accelerates a solid body relative to the wavy pattern of the universe. It is used, or better said converted, while accelerating a fluid vortex spin and free fall. It gets transformed into higher orders of energy, be it thermal or kinetic, of what we call particulate, but other than that, it has nowhere to go. Its soliton turbulences are stable in that sense, that they pass energy one to another. The universal gravitational field is the ultimate storehouse of energy, from which all higher forms of energy arise and to which all higher forms of energy return.

We have learned how to convert thermal energy to mechanical energy and to electric dipole energy and back to some degree. Now we should learn how to convert gravitational energy to thermal, mechanical or electric dipole energy.

S.D.K. 14. April 2001

FIELDS 6
MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE

Spacing of magnetic lines of force depends on at least two criteria.

The first one is the size of the iron shaving particulate. The finer is the size of the particulate, the finer is the line of force structure.

The second one is the intensity of the magnetic field. As pointed out in TTF, when we steadily increase the amp value in a DC conductor, the lined of force around the conductor contract and new lines are being added from the iron dust at the margin around the conductor. On the other hand, when we steadily decrease the Amp value in a DC conductor, the lines of force spread and the margin around the conductor collects the iron dust.

When are in the process of placing a steel object between two magnets, which are in attractive orientation and lets say 3? apart, the original lines of force between the two magnets distort so that they concentrate on the steel object. When we line up magnets in attractive orientation with spaces in between or steel objects between two magnets in attractive orientation, the lines of force join all the poles of the magnets or all the steel pieces between the magnets.

When we curve a set of magnets in attractive orientation with some spacing in between them so that the magnets create a circle, all lines of force join into the circle of the poles and the external lines of force (the donut) disappears.

The above (and much more) points out that iron, as well as magnets are able to attract and concentrate and lead magnetic field along any steel or iron or any ferromagnetic structure or permanent magnet structure. The lines of force are created by iron particulate of any size, but the size of the particulate decides how far apart the lines can be before the space between the lines begins to fill with magnetic field again.

When we stick two parallel rows of steel posts into the ground in even an approximate NS orientation, we create at least a partial gap in the magnetic field of earth within the isle between the rows of steel posts. The post distance in the row should be less than the distance of posts across the isle.

The same working arrangement can be created with help of electromagnets, again arranged into a double row, with all their poles oriented in one general geographic orientation and complying with geomagnetic field polarity orientation, because the electromagnets will again tie geomagnetic lines of force (actually create them) and concentrate the geomagnetic field into lines of force.

RELEVANCY

The relevancy of this comes out when we dig into the stone levitation story form Middle East which states:

?First, a 'magic papyrus' (paper) was placed under the stone to be moved. Then the stone was struck with a metal rod that caused the stone to levitate and move along a path paved with stones and fenced on either side by metal poles. The stone would travel along the path, wrote Al-Masudi, for a distance of about 50 meters and then settle to the ground. The process would then be repeated until the builders had the stone where they wanted it."

The same relevancy comes up when we dig into stories about Edward Leedskalnin and the artifacts left by him on his death at Coral Castle. Ed was the only man in the West who had been able to handle monoliths without the use of heavy machinery in modern times.

Leedskalnin had no outside source of hydropower, yet he had electrical installations on his property. He was able to handle blocks of coral stone up to 29 tons in weight as evidenced by his work for anyone to see. He seems to have used grids of copper wires and other electrical devices to help him with his work. He has also been reported to ?sing? to his stones while working with them. When we read through Leadskalnin?s articles on magnetism, we can get the hang of what his idea behind his stone levitation was, especially when we learn that his work gloves and boots had sheet metal pieces attached to them. Unfortunately, he has not left an instruction manual and what he never revealed has to be found out.

It appears that steel or magnet or electromagnet induced geomagnetic field gap is not exactly necessary in order to achieve stone levitation, because other modern time report from Tibet does not include any steel or electric apparatus, never the less, there are possibly other ways in which magnetic field gaps can be created. Sound, on the other hand, is always reported as a factor.

Note, just about all the references needed can be found on KeelyNet. (See Links)

SDK 7 August 2001

FIELDS 7

INDEXTHE PRIMARY FIELD NETWORK

The ?free? space of the universe is interwoven with uncountable paths of electric communication among the celestial bodies of the primary field. Polarity of each path of the primary field is steady and looped on the quark, nucleon, atom, molecule, planetary, galactic and eventually universal scale. Each quark and antiquark along a single path is strung on this path like a bead on a string. The permanent induction of such a path may join countless quarks of alternate electric polarity in countless bodies and the path is an integral part of those quarks. This two-way communication of flows with the quark knots on them can be compared to beads strung on a double thread string. I will assign red color to the positive ?charge? quark and blue color to the negative ?charge? quark. Figure one shows only one quark of a pair for simplicity.

Fig 1



The paths polarity directions between more than two bodies are not unidirectional even for a single circle path. The curvature of the path is not caused by inertia. It is caused by the directionality of the quark orientation at the point of exit and entry. See TTF2/FIELDS 5 for the cause of mutual adherence of the two directions of a single path of electric force exchange. The whole loop can be perceived as separate strings as well as a single string.

I have to create a term for the intersection related to the wave function of a path. The term is null axis point.

Fig 2



The paths of electric communication intersect in free space either actively at null axis points or passively at any other points on the paths. Figure three shows idealized planar arrangement. The sinusoids themselves will be distorted as paths standing waves compound at some places to some degree.

Fig 3



Once we understand that the path is a flow of something and that the wave of this flow is static or standing, like the riverbed of Mississippi river, we do not have to count in any frequencies of the paths when crossing each other as yet. The important condition is that any orthogonal paths intersect at their null axis points tying orthogonal paths together into network. Every two-path null point intersection generates turbulence between their four flows, somewhat similar to the cloverleaf intersection on a freeway. Stability of this turbulence is conditioned by the spatial frequency of the wave components of the paths. If the intersecting paths have harmonic relationship, which fits into the curved length of the turbulence (cloverleaf loop), the turbulence will be stable. If the two intersecting paths have disharmonic spatial frequencies, the turbulence will oscillate at best, and alternately fall apart and reestablish at the worst.

There are stable and unstable turbulences around the null axis point intersections of the field network holding the network together, some in a transient manner and some in a stable manner. The same is valid for the structure of nucleon, but it is not valid for the structure of emitted electron thermal phase.

When the primary gravitational field network gets disturbed at any point, it behaves as a three dimensional net. It does not mean that its structure follows three axes in Euclidian cubic axis arrangement. It only means that the space is filled through out with this network. The geometry of the network structure itself is multidirectional and constantly shifting. The directions of the paths within the network are just about as numerous as the paths themselves.

When we consider the field of a single charged spherical body, its geometry seems purely radial, i.e. scalar. When we consider geometry of the field of two reciprocating (opposite polarity) bodies, it changes quite drastically. The cause of the scalar field of a single charged body lies in the induction taking place between the body and air molecules and water vapor molecules and earth molecules and whatever molecules, or better said their component quarks all around the so called charged body. In practice, there is no scalar field. Scalar field is a theoretical idealization of crooked natural geometry. Perfect scalar field would require a perfect charged sphere within another perfect sphere (including perfect material), within which the charged sphere would be placed in dead center. The outer sphere would have to be perfectly isolated from the rest of the universe, otherwise it would induce its induced polarity toward the outside becoming a charged body to the outside and the ideal theoretical scalar field would become the practical crooked field. In reality, the inner charged body actually becomes electrically neutral. (Courtesy Joe Hiding)

Anyway, the network can be obviously shaped and disturbed and induced and manipulated as long as we know what we are dealing with and what we are doing with it. The notion that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon equivalent to radio waves and microwaves is incorrect. The experimentation of Nicola Tesla in Colorado has clearly shown that repeated manipulation of the geometry of the general field causes a general wave disturbance through out the network of gravitational field. This disturbance is a real longitudinal wave generated within the gravitational network. On the other hand, light is progressive unification of electric paths flows into a local magnetic flow.

The speed of light and the speed of gravitation and the speed of radio wave are interdependent because the wavelengths are interdependent. When you look back to the volleyball net analogy, you can realize that the transverse wave of single net string and the longitudinal wave of the whole net depend on each other in some ratio, whatever that ratio may be. It is a bit confusing to recognize what is a longitudinal wave within the whole network and what is a transverse wave in it. A disturbance, which propagates in one direction as a longitudinal wave, causes transverse wave in orthogonal directions and vice versa. Our concept of the transverse and longitudinal is derived from our string and spring experimenting, which limits our perception to the behavior of the string or the spring. We tear phenomena out of their context and study them out of their context. Then we grossly err applying the newly derived (experimentally as well as mentally confirmed within artificially imposed limits) concepts to the general behavior of the limitless universe.

S.D.K. 14. April 2001

FIELDS 5

INDEX









FORCES This site is dedicated to ideas. Some are mine, some belong to others.
Any and all of the information on this site is as is. If you dissagree with anything here, be aware that I also disagree with a lot of things.

BY S.D.K.




TOUR THE FORCE

Is a series of closely interrelated documents outlining the problems with the currently established interpretations of behavior of the most fundamental physical phenomena like heat, light, el. current etc. It does not argue with the established mathematical processes (so called mathematical theories), as most are reasonably valid generalizations of functions of particular natural forces. It argues with the concepts of why things behave the way they do and with their causality and geometrical as well as functional relationships, not with how much they behave.

Tour the Force contains a somewhat outdated line of deduction of what force phenomena really are all about and what are their mutual relations. The particulate causality of gravitational force and other force fields as such had to give way to simpler concept of wave relationship of energy flows along waves. Yet, this original Tour the Force has its relevancy in paving the road to understanding of Tour the Force 2

GISMOS

Contains assortment of descriptions and comments on a few man made contraptions, which were or are claimed to work as intended, as undependable as some may be.

TOUR THE FORCE 2

Contains updates to the original Tour the Force. This part is in development and I am uploading new documents as I manage to solve the different parts of the over all puzzle and put its documents into a reasonable form. My original Tour the Force is a prerequisite to understanding of Tour the Force 2.

EXPERIMENTS

Contains assorted bits and pieces of little known knowledge about anomalous experiments done by "less" learned folks. Some may have my explanations and all of them stress the need of humanity as such to resist the dogma of the established authority on truth.

IDEAS

Contains assorted ideas and experiences. Some of the ideas have the potential to eventually move to experiments once conclusively performed.

LINKS

Scientific as well as not so scientific references. They should be understood as pointers in directions of possible research, not as exhaustive sources of information. Lots of interesting stuff, lots of garbage. You have to do your own research and sorting out. Good luck.

VICTOR S. GREBENNIKOV

English translation of the original Russian text.

PATENTS

First of my patenting experiences concerns a simple brushless alternator. This attempt had gone to hell due to bottomless pockets of my former patent lawyers (for a translation of the English description into legalese worth close to C$ 5 500, submission fees extra). You can view the patent application here, as it was submitted to US patent office by my ex-patent agents. The patent has fallen into public domain due to insufficient funds.

My second patent experience concerns a very simple and very effective air (gas) dryer so far applied only on compressed air systems. I have applied for a patent registration and filed an application (Canadian) according to Canada Patent Office instructions myself. The application has been accepted and had cost C$150.00 plus registered mail. I have not quite revealed the whole patent here, but you can find its general description and experience with its performance here.



INDEX


At 2:40 AM, Rev Dan Izzo said...
The Decay of the False Vacuum
Written by Sten Odenwald

Copyright © 1983 Kalmbach Publishing. Reprinted by permission


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the recently developed theory by Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam, that unifies the electromagnetic and weak forces, the vacuum is not empty. This peculiar situation comes about because of the existence of a new type of field, called the Higgs field. The Higgs field has an important physical consequence since its interaction with the W, W and Z particles (the carriers of the weak force) causes them to gain mass at energies below 100 billion electron volts (100 Gev). Above this energy they are quite massless just like the photon and it is this characteristic that makes the weak and electromagnetic forces so similar at high energy.
On a somewhat more abstract level, consider Figures 1 and 2 representing the average energy of the vacuum state. If the universe were based on the vacuum state in Figure 1, it is predicted that the symmetry between the electromagnetic and weak interactions would be quite obvious. The particles mediating the forces would all be massless and behave in the same way. The corresponding forces would be indistinguishable. This would be the situation if the universe had an average temperature of 1 trillion degrees so that the existing particles collided at energies of 100 Gev. In Figure 2, representing the vacuum state energy for collision energies below 100 Gev, the vacuum state now contains the Higgs field and the symmetry between the forces is suddenly lost or 'broken'. Although at low energy the way in which the forces behave is asymmetric, the fundamental laws governing the electromagnetic and weak interactions remain inherently symmetric. This is a very remarkable and profound prediction since it implies that certain symmetries in Nature can be hidden from us but are there nonetheless.

During the last 10 years physicists have developed even more powerful theories that attempt to unify not only the electromagnetic and weak forces but the strong nuclear force as well. These are called the Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) and the simplist one known was developed by Howard Georgi, Helen Quinn,and Steven Weinberg and is called SU(5), (pronounced 'ess you five'). This theory predicts that the nuclear and 'electroweak' forces will eventually have the same strength but only when particles collide at energies above 1 thousand trillion GeV corresponding to the unimaginable temperature of 10 thousand trillion trillion degrees! SU(5) requires exactly 24 particles to mediate forces of which the 8 massless gluons of the nuclear force, the 3 massless intermediate vector bosons of the weak force and the single massless photon of the electromagnetic force are 12. The remaining 12 represent a totally new class of particles called Leptoquark bosons that have the remarkable property that they can transform quarks into electrons. SU(5) therefore predicts the existence of a 'hyperweak' interaction; a new fifth force in the universe! Currently, this force is 10 thousand trillion trillion times weaker than the weak force but is nevertheless 100 million times stronger than gravity. What would this new force do? Since protons are constructed from 3 quarks and since quarks can now decay into electrons, through the Hyperweak interaction, SU(5) predicts that protons are no longer the stable particles we have always imagined them to be. Crude calculations suggest that they may have half-lives between 10(29) to 10(33) years. An immediate consequence of this is that even if the universe were destined to expand for all eternity, after 'only' 10(32) years or so, all of the matter present would catastrophically decay into electrons, neutrinos and photons. The Era of Matter, with its living organisms, stars and galaxies, would be swept away forever, having represented but a fleeting episode in the history of the universe. In addition to proton decay, SU(5) predicts that at the energy characteristic of the GUT transition, we will see the affects of a new family of particles called supermassive Higgs bosons whose masses are expected to be approximately 1 thousand trillion GeV! These particles interact with the 12 Leptoquarks and make them massive just as the Higgs bosons at 100 GeV made the W, W and Z particles heavy. Armed with this knowledge, let's explore some of the remarkable cosmological consequences of these exciting theories.

The GUT Era

To see how these theories relate to the history of the universe, imagine if you can a time when the average temperature of the universe was not the frigid 3 K that it is today but an incredable 10 thousand trillion trillion degrees (10(15) GeV). The 'Standard Model' of the Big Bang, tells us this happened about 10(-37) seconds after Creation. The protons and neutrons that we are familiar with today hadn't yet formed since their constituent quarks interacted much too weakly to permit them to bind together into 'packages' like neutrons and protons. The remaining constituents of matter, electrons, muons and tau leptons, were also massless and traveled about at essentially light-speed; They were literally a new form of radiation, much like light is today! The 12 supermassive Leptoquarks as well as the supermassivs Higgs bosons existed side-by-side with their anti-particles. Every particle-anti particle pair that was annihilated was balanced by the resurrection of a new pair somewhere else in the universe. During this period, the particles that mediated the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces were completely massless so that these forces were no longer distinguishable. An inhabitant of that age would not have had to theorize about the existence of a symmetry between the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions, this symmetry would have been directly observable and furthermore, fewer types of particles would exist for the inhabitants to keep track of. The universe would actually have beed much simpler then!

As the universe continued to expand, the temperature continued to plummet. It has been suggested by Demetres Nanopoulis and Steven Weinberg in 1979 that one of the supermassive Higgs particles may have decayed in such a way that slightly more matter was produced than anti-matter. The remaining evenly matched pairs of particles and anti-particles then annihilated to produce the radiation that we now see as the 'cosmic fireball'.

Exactly what happened to the universe as it underwent the transitions at 10(15) and 100 GeV when the forces of Nature suddenly became distinguishable is still under investigation, but certain tantalizing descriptions have recently been offered by various groups of theoriticians working on this problem. According to studies by Alan Guth, Steven Weinberg and Frank Wilczyk between 1979 and 1981, when the GUT transition occured, it occured in a way not unlike the formation of vapor bubbles in a pot of boiling water. In this analogy, the interior of the bubbles represent the vacuum state in the new phase, where the forces are distinguishable, embedded in the old symmetric phase where the nuclear, weak and electromagnetic forces are indistinguishable. Inside these bubbles, the vacuum energy is of the type illustrated by Figure 2 while outside it is represented by Figure 1. Since we are living within the new phase with its four distinguishable forces, this has been called the 'true' vacuum state. In the false vacuum state, the forces remain indistinguishable which is certainly not the situation that we find ourselves in today!

Cosmic Inflation

An exciting prediction of Guth's model is that the universe may have gone through at least one period in its history when the expansion was far more rapid than predicted by the 'standard' Big Bang model. The reason for this is that the vacuum itself also contributes to the energy content of the universe just as matter and radiation do however, the contribution is in the opposite sense. Although gravity is an attractive force, the vacuum of space produces a force that is repulsive. As Figures 1 and 2 show, the minimum energy state of the false vacuum at 'A' before the GUT transition is at a higher energy than in the true vacuum state in 'B' after the transition. This energy difference is what contributes to the vacuum energy. During the GUT transition period, the positive pressure due to the vacuum energy would have been enormously greater than the restraining pressure produced by the gravitational influence of matter and radiation. The universe would have inflated at a tremendous rate, the inflation driven by the pressure of the vacuum! In this picture of the universe, Einstein's cosmological constant takes on a whole new meaning since it now represents a definite physical concept ; It is simply a measure of the energy difference between the true and false vacuum states ('B' and 'A' in Figures 1 and 2.) at a particular time in the history of the universe. It also tells us that, just as in de Sitter's model, a universe where the vacuum contributes in this way must expand exponentially in time and not linearly as predicted by the Big Bang model. Guth's scenario for the expansion of the universe is generally called the 'inflationary universe' due to the rapidity of the expansion and represents a phase that will end only after the true vacuum has supplanted the false vacuum of the old, symmetric phase.

A major problem with Guth's original model was that the inflationary phase would have lasted for a very long time because the false vacuum state is such a stable one. The universe becomes trapped in the cul-de-sac of the false vacuum state and the exponential expansion never ceases. This would be somewhat analogous to water refusing to freeze even though its temperature has dropped well below 0 Centigrade. Recent modifications to the original 'inflationary universe' model have resulted in what is now called the 'new' inflationary universe model. In this model, the universe does manage to escape from the false vacuum state and evolves in a short time to the familiar true vacuum state.

We don't really know how exactly long the inflationary phase may have lasted but the time required for the universe to double its size may have been only 10(-34) seconds. Conceivably, this inflationary period could have continued for as 'long' as 10(-24) seconds during which time the universe would have undergone 10 billion doublings of its size! This is a number that is truely beyond comprehension. As a comparison, only 120 doublings are required to inflate a hydrogen atom to the size of the entire visible universe! According to the inflationary model, the bubbles of the true vacuum phase expanded at the speed of light. Many of these had to collide when the universe was very young in order that the visible universe appear so uniform today. A single bubble would not have grown large enough to encompass our entire visible universe at this time; A radius of some 15-20 billion light years. On the other hand, the new inflationary model states that even the bubbles expanded in size exponentially just as their separations did. The bubbles themselves grew to enormous sizes much greater than the size of our observable universe. According to Albrecht and Steinhardt of the University of Pennsylvania, each bubble may now be 10(3000) cm in size. We should not be too concerned about these bubbles expanding at many times the speed of light since their boundaries do not represent a physical entity. There are no electrons or quarks riding some expandind shock wave. Instead, it is the non-material vacuum of space that is expanding. The expansion velocity of the bubbles is not limited by any physical speed limit like the velocity of light.

GUMs in GUTs

A potential problem for cosmologies that have phase transitions during the GUT Era is that a curious zoo of objects could be spawned if frequent bubble mergers occured as required by Guth's inflationary model. First of all, each bubble of the true vacuum phase contains its own Higgs field having a unique orientation in space. It seems likely that no two bubbles will have their Higgs fields oriented in quite the same way so that when bubbles merge, knots will form. According to Gerhard t'Hooft and Alexander Polyakov, these knots in the Higgs field are the magnetic monopoles originally proposed 40 years ago by Paul Dirac and there ought to be about as many of these as there were bubble mergers during the transition period. Upper limits to their abundance can be set by requiring that they do not contribute to 'closing' the universe which means that for particles of their predicted mass (about 10(16) GeV), they must be 1 trillion trillion times less abundant than the photons in the 3 K cosmic background. Calculations based on the old inflationary model suggest that the these GUMs (Grand Unification Monopoles) may easily have been as much as 100 trillion times more abundant than the upper limit! Such a universe would definitly be 'closed' and moreover would have run through its entire history between expansion and recollapse within a few thousand years. The new inflationary universe model solves this 'GUM' overproduction problem since we are living within only one of these bubbles, now almost infinitly larger than our visible universe. Since bubble collisions are no longer required to homogenize the matter and radiation in the universe, very few, if any, monopoles would exist within our visible universe.

Horizons

A prolonged period of inflation would have had an important influence on the cosmic fireball radiation. One long-standing problem in modern cosmology has been that all directions in the sky have the same temperature to an astonishing 1 part in 10,000. When we consider that regions separated by only a few degrees in the sky have only recently been in communication with one another, it is hard to understand how regions farther apart than this could be so similar in temperature. The radiation from one of these regions, traveling at the velocity of light, has not yet made it across the intervening distance to the other, even though the radiation may have started on its way since the universe first came into existence. This 'communication gap' would prevent these regions from ironing-out their temperature differences.

With the standard, Big Bang model, as we look back to earlier epochs from the present time, the separations between particles decrease more slowly than their horizons are shrinking. Neighboring regions of space at the present time, become disconnected so temperature diff

Hi iv put the above into word 2000 and used the summarise tool to reduce the info to 5%
that way by reading this 5% a better idea of all the original post can be gained.

in other words information overload= no information

(3) The microwave electro magnetic-nuclear energy was formed as a result of the
interaction of two different static gravitational vacuum fields, causing gravitational
instability and the motion, void of matter, at this time,
wherein; static gravitational field (1) began to go into "motion".
Science knows the formation of matter in our universe was caused by the forces of the
universe.
These forces are:
(1) The Force of Gravity
(2) The Force of Electro Magnetism
(3) The Strong Nuclear Force
(4) The Weak Nuclear Force
At some point in time, motion within the universe, had to begin.
A: Pressure force is used to create a vacuum on Earth, perhaps an exotic something
100,000 times weaker than the force of gravity decays, causing a static-motionless gravity vacuum field.


The purpose of this Web Page is to show that the Steady State Galaxy Theory can provide an alternative to the Big Bang Theory in explaining the universe around us.

Basic Operation of Galaxies

At the center of each galaxy is a neutroid which acts to constantly recycle all the matter and energy in the galaxy. The various forms of energy include potential energy, kinetic energy, chemical energy, nuclear binding energy, etc.

BAR Galaxies are small galaxies in which the hydrogen fueling the Stars is all consumed before the Stars can escape the magnetic field of the Neutroid's magnetic poles. Energy from these photons is gradually converted to MBR photons. These MBR photons are eventually absorbed by some other galaxy. In the case of our universe, the MBR radiation has an energy density equal to the starlight radiation energy density emitted by the galaxies.

In normal galaxies, the neutroid at their center is obscured by a halo of material trapped in the neutroid's magnetic field.

Vortex phenomenon is the proof that field ?static potential? can be utilized for energy extraction. Vortex phenomenon also proves that the so-called "static potential" energy of fields is caused by dynamic energy flows. The universal gravitational field is the ultimate storehouse of energy, from which all higher forms of energy arise and to which all higher forms of energy return.

We have learned how to convert thermal energy to mechanical energy and to electric dipole energy and back to some degree. Now we should learn how to convert gravitational energy to thermal, mechanical or electric dipole energy.
MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE
Spacing of magnetic lines of force depends on at least two criteria. SDK 7 August 2001
FORCES This site is dedicated to ideas. The particulate causality of gravitational force and other force fields as such had to give way to simpler concept of wave relationship of energy flows along waves. TOUR THE FORCE 2
Contains updates to the original Tour the Force. In Figure 2, representing the vacuum state energy for collision energies below 100 Gev, the vacuum state now contains the Higgs field and the symmetry between the forces is suddenly lost or 'broken'. This energy difference is what contributes to the vacuum energy.

__________________
inventing and writing forum
You dont know how little you know.
till you know enought
to know that you still know nothing

k..... wow he sure can type

__________________
one day i hape the human race will unite but not out of a need for survival but out of love not hate and should that day not come then all of humanity is a failure
[thebest@vzavenue.net

Shouldn't this thread be in the AT section of UT?