How do you explain the process of the solar flares and the Earths magnetic field / how do Auroras happen?

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Here is a bit about the Auroras

I think it will cover the other part of the question as well, but if not somone else can pick it up.

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Simple definitions for:

Plasma:

Volts:

Magnetotail: ( i'm not sure i understand it )

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The mind is like birds wings when open can soar.

Another question why are the Aurora so much different on Earth then other planets/ and in what sense are they different.

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The mind is like birds wings when open can soar.

Have a look at this link on Solar Physics. In particular, this link on solar flares and this one on magnetism should help in understanding what is going on. We don't have a complete picture of what causes flares but these links should get you started.

Here's a link to an introductory page on the Aurora.

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"A mystic is a person who is puzzled before the obvious but who understands the nonexistent." -- Elbert Hubbard

A plasma is an ionized gas where at least one electron has been stripped from a significant number of the atoms in the gas. This makes the gas electrically conductive, as well as, responsive to magnetic fields.

A volt is simply the unit of electrical potential. See here.
The magnetotail is simply the stretched out portion of the Earth's magnetosphere on the side facing away from the Sun. If you imagine the solar wind impinging on the magnetosphere, it tends to compress the side facing the Sun and stretch the side facing away.

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"A mystic is a person who is puzzled before the obvious but who understands the nonexistent." -- Elbert Hubbard

The reason for not being able to see the auroras in the morning is because of the sun otherwise we would be able to see it on the side facing the sun.

Attached Images

	aurora dansing over Hauan.jpg (18.4 KB, 8 views)
	Aurora green and a lil Hot Pink.jpg (14.7 KB, 4 views)
	Aurora reflection.jpg (10.6 KB, 4 views)
	colorful aurora.jpg (42.2 KB, 4 views)
	nov9_5.jpg (26.6 KB, 5 views)

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How about ions/ ionized and ionosphere ( simple definition ).

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what are the differences between CMEs and solar flares??

what are the main layers of the sun??

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Noha:

The April 2006 issue of "Sky & Telescope" pg. 28 has a very interesting article. You may get the answer to your question, which is not so simple, there.

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This was discussed here. If you follow some of the links in the thread, it should answer your question in depth.

This link has a nice description of the difference between flares and CMEs.

Starting from the inside out there is:

1. Core - Fusion occurs here.
2. Radiative Zone - Transports energy produced in the hot core to the cooler outer layers.
3. Convective Zone - Transports energy from the radiative zone to the photosphere via the bulk movement of plasma.
4. Photosphere - The layer from which the photons we see escape to space.
5. Chromosphere - Thin, hot layer above the photosphere.
6. Corona - Very thin, very hot outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere.

Here's a link that contains more detailed information.

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"A mystic is a person who is puzzled before the obvious but who understands the nonexistent." -- Elbert Hubbard