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  #1 (permalink)  
Old 28-September-2006, 12:43 PM
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Kullat Nunu Kullat Nunu is offline
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Exclamation NASA's Hubble Discovers Extrasolar Planets Across Our Galaxy

SpaceRef.com:

Quote:
PRESS RELEASE
Date Released: Wednesday, September 27, 2006
Source: NASA HQ

NASA hosts a science update at 1 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, Oct. 4, to discuss a Hubble Space Telescope discovery of extrasolar planet candidates orbiting a variety of distant stars. The update will be in the NASA Headquarters Auditorium, 300 E Street S.W., Washington.

Panelists:

-- Jennifer Wiseman, Hubble program scientist, NASA Headquarters

-- Kailash Sahu, principal investigator, Hubble Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search (SWEEPS) project, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.

-- Mario Livio, co-investigator, Hubble SWEEPS project, Space Telescope Science Institute

-- Alan Boss, Carnegie Institution of Washington

The conference will be live on NASA TV with question and answer capability from participating agency centers.

NASA TV is available on the Web and on an MPEG-2 digital signal accessed via satellite AMC-6, at 72 degrees west longitude, transponder 17C, 4040 MHz, vertical polarization. It's available in Alaska and Hawaii on AMC-7 at 137 degrees west longitude, transponder 18C, at 4060 MHz, horizontal polarization. A Digital Video Broadcast compliant Integrated Receiver Decoder is required for reception. For NASA TV information and schedules, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/ntv

For information about NASA and agency programs, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/home
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Last edited by Kullat Nunu; 28-September-2006 at 06:57 PM.
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Old 28-September-2006, 12:45 PM
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It is almost certainly related to this old news not confirmed since: Hubble discovers 100 new planets.
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Old 28-September-2006, 04:13 PM
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The abstracts for two HST programs which are (almost) definitely part of the work described in the press release:

HST proposal 9750, PI Kailash Sahu

We propose to observe a Galactic bulge field continuously with ACS/WFC over a 7-day period. We will monitor ~167, 000 F, G, and K dwarfs down to V=23, in order to detect transits by orbiting Jovian planets. If the frequency of "hot Jupiters" is similar to that in the solar neighborhood, we will detect over 100 planets, more than doubling the number of extrasolar planets known. For the brighter stars with transits, we will confirm the planetary nature of the companions through radial- velocity measurements using the 8-m VLT. We will determine the metallicities of most of the planet-bearing stars as well as a control sample, through follow-up VLT spectroscopy. The metallicities of the target stars range over more than 1.5 dex, allowing for a determination of the dependence of planet frequency upon metallicity--a crucial element in understanding planet formation. We will be able to discriminate between the equally numerous disk and bulge stars via proper motions. Hence we will determine, for the first time, the frequencies of planets in two entirely different stellar populations. We will also determine for the first time the distribution of planetary radii for extrasolar planets for both these populations. Parallel observations with NICMOS will provide ultra-deep near-infrared images of a nearby bulge field, which will be used to determine the stellar luminosity and mass functions down to the brown-dwarf regime. The data will also be useful for a variety of spinoff projects, including a census of variable stars and of hot white dwarfs in the bulge, and the metallicity distribution of bulge dwarfs.


HST proposal 10466, PI Kailash Sahu

We propose to observe a Galactic bulge field continuously with ACS/WFC over a 7-day period. We will monitor ~167, 000 F, G, and K dwarfs down to V=23, in order to detect transits by orbiting Jovian planets. If the frequency of "hot Jupiters" is similar to that in the solar neighborhood, we will detect over 100 planets, more than doubling the number of extrasolar planets known. For the brighter stars with transits, we will confirm the planetary nature of the companions through radial- velocity measurements using the 8-m VLT. We will determine the metallicities of most of the planet-bearing stars as well as a control sample, through follow-up VLT spectroscopy. The metallicities of the target stars range over more than 1.5 dex, allowing for a determination of the dependence of planet frequency upon metallicity--a crucial element in understanding planet formation. We will be able to discriminate between the equally numerous disk and bulge stars via proper motions. Hence we will determine, for the first time, the frequencies of planets in two entirely different stellar populations. We will also determine for the first time the distribution of planetary radii for extrasolar planets for both these populations. Parallel observations with NICMOS will provide ultra-deep near-infrared images of a nearby bulge field, which will be used to determine the stellar luminosity and mass functions down to the brown-dwarf regime. The data will also be useful for a variety of spinoff projects, including a census of variable stars and of hot white dwarfs in the bulge, and the metallicity distribution of bulge dwarfs.
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Old 28-September-2006, 06:59 PM
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The original press release title had a typo--there are of course more than one planet discovered.
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Old 30-September-2006, 08:43 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Kullat Nunu View Post
It is almost certainly related to this old news not confirmed since: Hubble discovers 100 new planets.
Yikes. I wonder how the astronomers felt when BBC came out with the story. Also it looks like it took them more time to get spectrographic follow-up than they first expected.
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Old 30-September-2006, 09:34 PM
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Here's some good speculation about the discovery.

If the transit candidate stars have magnitudes around V = 21-22, spectroscopic follow-up work must have been very difficult.
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Old 04-October-2006, 10:03 AM
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Just a reminder.
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Old 04-October-2006, 06:09 PM
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On now. Watch NASA TV.

Introductions

Planets around other stars

Kailash C. Sahu
Mario Livio
Alan Boss

Stars about 26000 ly away
Monitored field of circa 180000 stars to spot Jupiter-size transits
Detected 16 candidates, many orbit very fast

Bulge stars hosts planets at same rate as other stars. Must be billions of planets in galaxy.

===

News Starry tales: Galactic bulge yields new class of planets

Quote:
PARIS: A seam of stars at the centre of the Milky Way has shown astronomers that an entirely new class of planets closely orbiting distant suns is waiting to be explored, according to a paper published on Thursday.

The finding opens up a new area of investigation for space scientists probing extrasolar planets —planets that orbit stars other than our own, it says.

Astronomers have spotted 202 extrasolar planets since the first was spotted in October 1995.

Their technique is based on the so-called “wobble” method. Under this, the astronomer measures the frequencies of light from the star. There is a telltale oscillation, or wobble, in this light if the star is tugged by a planet.
[...]
They uncovered the existence of 16 planets in the category of close orbiters, taking between 0.4 and 3.2 days to go around their respective stars. Many of the planets are the size of Jupiter, the largest planet in our Solar System.

Two of the 16 have orbits of less than a day, creating a new category of “ultra-short” orbits.
MSNBC/Reuters: Newfound worlds zoom fast around suns, Hubble detects signature of ‘ultra-short-period planets’
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Last edited by 01101001; 04-October-2006 at 06:35 PM. Reason: added Mario's surname
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Old 04-October-2006, 06:26 PM
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0.4 days?! Wow, that thing is either MOVING, or is skipping off the corona!
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Old 04-October-2006, 06:28 PM
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STScI News Release: Hubble Finds Extrasolar Planets Far Across Galaxy
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Old 04-October-2006, 06:34 PM
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Hubblesite/NASA press release

Quote:
The planet candidate with the shortest orbital period, named SWEEPS-10, swings around its star in 10 hours. Located only 740,000 miles from its star, the planet is among the hottest ever detected. It has an estimated temperature of approximately 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

"This star-hugging planet must be at least 1.6 times the mass of Jupiter, otherwise the star's gravitational muscle would pull it apart," said SWEEPS team member Mario Livio. "The star's low temperature allows the planet to surrvive so near to the star."

"Ultra-Short-Period Planets seem to occur preferentially around normal red dwarf stars that are smaller and cooler than our sun," Sahu explained. "The apparent absence of USPPs around sun-like stars in our local neighborhood indicates that they might have evaporated away when they migrated too close to a hotter star."
===

NASA Feature: Hubble Finds Extrasolar Planets Far Across Galaxy


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Old 04-October-2006, 07:35 PM
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Quote:
Hubble peered at 180,000 stars in the crowded central bulge of our galaxy 26,000 light-years away. That is one-quarter the diameter of the Milky Way's spiral disk. The results will appear in the Oct. 5 issue of the journal Nature.
Read more
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Old 04-October-2006, 09:27 PM
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Main points:
  • Planets are everywhere, including the bulge of Milky Way.
  • The probability to have a Jovian planet strongly depends on how much heavier elements the star has, no matter where the planets are (similar study found no planets in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, where stars are very metal-poor).
  • Based on the number of detected planets, there should be 6 billion Jovian planets in the Milky Way (likely a highly conservative value).
  • The transit method will soon be the leading discovery method.
  • Although only two planet were confirmed by radial velocity, rigorous constrains and statistic methods give a reason to believe that the detected planets are real.
  • There are so called ultra-short-period planets (USPPs) around low-mass stars whose orbital periods are less than a day. Such planets cannot survive around solar mass or more massive stars for billions of years.
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Old 04-October-2006, 11:35 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Kullat Nunu View Post
[*]Based on the number of detected planets, there should be 6 billion Jovian planets in the Milky Way (likely a highly conservative value).
Wow!!!
I wonder what is the probability of also having Earth-like planets in those same systems!
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Old 04-October-2006, 11:49 PM
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Quote:
Based on the number of detected planets, there should be 6 billion Jovian planets in the Milky Way (likely a highly conservative value).
During the conference the astronomer involved said that they detected such planets(with short periods) because they only had 7 days of observation on Hubble. I wonder if it the estimate takes into account only those short period planets or expands into more long period planets.
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Old 05-October-2006, 10:47 AM
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Old 05-October-2006, 10:56 AM
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The value is not mentioned in the paper but only in the press releases which says "When extrapolated to the entire galaxy, Hubble's data provides strong evidence for the existence of approximately 6 billion Jupiter-sized planets in the Milky Way."

By the way, the article's preprint is available here.
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Old 05-October-2006, 11:40 AM
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My God, it is full of... planets!

Well, this would be more adequate when describing results from COROT or Kepler, but I can't resist...
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Old 05-October-2006, 02:30 PM
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Now we're finally getting nearer to a little reasonably intelligent meat on the Drake Equation.
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Old 05-October-2006, 08:52 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Kullat Nunu View Post
Main points:
[*]The probability to have a Jovian planet strongly depends on how much heavier elements the star has, no matter where the planets are (similar study found no planets in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, where stars are very metal-poor).
The post on oklo.org gives a different reason for the lack of planets in 47Tuc

Quote:
A crowded star formation leads to a ultraviolet ionizing radiation field that makes it difficult for planets to form and then migrate inward to become hot Jupiters.
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