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NASA: Earth May Once Have Had Three Moons
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Yes; those moons might have lasted as much as a billion years. I have been wondering if the impact of those moonlets might have caused the Imbrium or Crisium mare or some other major feature on the Moon's surface, like Tsiolkovskiy crater.
Another piece of idle speculatiion is wondering what might have happened if those moonlets had been larger, and collided with the Moon with enough force to split chunks off. This might have led to a permanent multiple moon system, as discussed in a couple of threads elsewhere (here, for instance) |
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I'm skeptical of the Lagrangian moons (although I haven't read his research paper, only the linked Fox news story).
You can't just toss stuff at a Lagrangian point and have it stick. Getting it to stay there is much like getting something to remain in orbit: You approach hyperbolically, then you have to brake into orbit. Quote:
But its not the solar system's other planets that would have perturbed Lagrangian moons out of orbit. It's the solar tide, which is magnitudes greater than perturbations from the other planets. Quote:
It's also possible that there were some additional stable moons that lasted for millions of years. But as the Moon migrated outward, it would have destabalized their orbits.
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I would guess that there is a bias towards the direction the debris was orbiting. But thinking about it a little more, initially, there are no Lagrange points as the debris is spread out in a ring, then the Lagrange points develop as the moonlets become massive, so they could get trapped that way, rather than needing a braking mechanism.
I've got an article describing a simulation I ran ( http://www.orbitsimulator.com/gravit...onbuilder.html ), where 100 moonlets combined to form the Moon. Although in this simulation I didn't get any Lagrangian moons, other simulations I've ran did produce Lagrangian trios. These simulations are over-simplified, but they can serve to show what's possible. So maybe we once did have Lagrangian moons. Simulations of the current Earth / Moon system show that objects placed on the L4 and L5 points are perturbed away by the Sun, almost immediately. I think my record for trapping one is about 20 years, but usually they last only a few months to low years. So as a trio of Moons spiraled out, at some point their Lagrangian configuration would be destroyed, leaving us with only 1 moon.
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I'm surprised that Earth-Moon L4 and L5 points are so unstable, given the existence of Saturn-Dione, and Saturn-Tethys Trojans in a much more complex system, but I suppose the size of Saturn and the relative distance of the Sun makes a difference.
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Earth's moon orbits about 1/3 of the way to the edge of its Hill Sphere. Saturn's resonant moons orbit much deeper within Saturn's Hill Sphere, making the solar perturbations negligable.
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If you click through the links and get to the Icarus Abstract:
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