lets say you have a bike chainring having 100 teeth and running at one 1 hp and it connected to a second chainring but only having 10 teeth. the rpm on the second would be x10 higher so here my problem if u put in 1 hp and 100rpms but u get out 1hp and 1000 rpms isnt that more energy than put in

Nope. The 1hp is a given amount of power. Therefore, it is not dependent on speed. Torque is what is dependent on speed, and if you put in 1hp at 100rpm, you are putting in 52 pound feet of torque. However, the output will only have 5.2 pound feet of torque, 1000 rpm, and again 1hp. All of this assumes perfect efficiency.

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lets say u have an alternator connected to the second chainring it would generate more power than if it was connected to the first chainring
is that just higher efficency

It wouldn't have higher power-- that's the point, energy is conserved so you can't bump up the power rate. Work is force over distance, so power is force times speed. If the speed is changed by the flywheel, and the power stays the same (to conserve energy), then it is the force that must vary. Since the "speed" we are talking about is rpm, it's an angular speed, and the force that matters is actually torque (force times radius), as cjl pointed out.

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What happens when you add the alternator is that it'll resist turning, which results in a 10 times higher force that needs to be overcome when it's put on the second chainring than when it's put on the first.

The result is that you can get more power out, but you have to put more power in to do so.

Secondary answer, there's a rate dependent loss in the alternator and that's likely to result in a better result when you put it at the second ring, but it's still going to be harder to turn the system the more energy you pull out.

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how much efficency is gained or lost thru this in %
and alternators have a higher electrical output with higher rpm

also lets say u have 1 hp and 5000rpms but you overload it its hp compensates by lossing its rpm

Alternators gain efficiency as RPM increases within their design criteria. This is a seperate issue since an alternator could also have been designed to operate at peak efficiency at the lower RPM.

Efficency is always lost in energy transfer. You cannot relate any misuse of the end output energy to the efficiency of the transfer system.

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ok