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Old 03-December-2008, 05:51 AM
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Default ancient cannabis from Central Asia

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Journal of Experimental Botany 2008 59(15):4171-4182; doi:10.1093/jxb/ern260

Accepted 25 September 2008
Abstract
The Yanghai Tombs...China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache [~28 ounces] of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions...
Introduction
...the current study used additional botanical, phytochemical, and genetic investigations to demonstrate that this cannabis was psychoactive and probably cultivated for medicinal or divinatory purposes. Great care was taken to prevent contamination of the sample throughout the analyses...
Results
...The cannabis retained a surprisingly green colour in its leafy parts and displayed visible glandular trichomes (Fig. 2B). Achenes (‘seeds’) averaged 2.2–3.6 mm in length, were light in colour with some striations, but demonstrated rough, non-concave fruit attachment (Fig. 2D), all traits of domestication...
Journal of Experimental Botany
A quite thorough examination!
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Old 03-December-2008, 10:44 AM
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A quite thorough examination!
Not really, they didn't say whether it was a good smoke or not.
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Old 03-December-2008, 02:10 PM
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Dude.... dude..... hey, take a hit of this ancient weed man, I'm writing a paper on it man and I need some more data.

In other news, an examination of the tomb found that the 2700-year-old Caucasoid shaman died of a terminal case of the munchies.
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Old 03-December-2008, 02:36 PM
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Or... Tests reveal cause of death of Caucasoid shaman; Lethal cannabis...
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Old 03-December-2008, 10:35 PM
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I read that as "Ancient Cannibals from Central Asia".
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Old 03-December-2008, 11:32 PM
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Or... Tests reveal cause of death of Caucasoid shaman; Lethal cannabis...
My bold.

As close to an impossible way to die I can think of.

I am amazed that the plant matter was still even recognizable.
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Old 03-December-2008, 11:51 PM
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My bold.

As close to an impossible way to die I can think of.
Thank you. Good to know.
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Old 04-December-2008, 05:24 AM
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The cannabis is cool and all.

But why was it buried with a caucasoid man in the Gobi Desert? I can appreciate the burying of cannabis...

but caucasoid...I just finished reading a fascinating book on mummies that included some caucasoid mummies (three or four I think) from the Gobi that threw anthropogists into fits because of the time of history that seemed to be involved.

I don't remember if Pringle pursued why, or what they came up with. Even if caucasions were that far east, what were they doing in a position in society to be buried with that much weed?

This, (the social/anthropological side) is fascinating to me. If Pringle did pursue that lead, I skipped it and will have to look up more information on the subject.

Anyone have insight into caucasoid travels pre-Marco polo? I'm not looking for "Joe got lost" so much as "Joe discovered the neighbors 1K/away had great pot and traded for it..." or something like that. Or "Joe introduced them to MaryJ and the two were ordained as king and queen" or something. Jokes and points both intended.

*ETA: I CERTAINLY don't remember Pringle mentioning cannabis being found with these particular mummies...
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Old 04-December-2008, 07:10 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by man on the moon View Post
The cannabis...why was it buried with a caucasoid man in the Gobi Desert?...
Whatever the reasons, looks like he was possibly taking what he/his grave-maker thought he could use 'later'...
Quote:
...The tomb contents [photo/diagram] included:

1) earthenware pot,
2) leather basket containing cannabis,
3) earthenware pot,
4) wooden bar implements,
5) horse lash,
6) bridle or halter,
7) leather medicine bag,
8) bows and arrows,
9) wooden implement,
10) wooden bowl containing cannabis,
11) arrows
12) kongou harp,
13) wooden wimble tool to untie knots,
14) leather make-up bag,
15) woolen fabric,
16) leather ring hand protector for bowstring...
jxb.oxfordjournals.org
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Old 04-December-2008, 07:15 AM
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Quote:
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*ETA: I CERTAINLY don't remember Pringle mentioning cannabis being found with these particular mummies...
And no, I wasn't smoking any .
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Old 04-December-2008, 10:02 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by man on the moon View Post
Anyone have insight into caucasoid travels pre-Marco polo?
As it happens, I just listened to a Hardcore History podcast on the steppe peoples. Dan Carlin, the podcaster, explains that there apparently were caucasian people in east Asia. Writings from ancient China refer to steppe people (they didn't call them that) to thier north and west that had red hair, green eyes, were tall, etc. These weren't travellers, mind you, but rather some of the groups of nomadic herder people that we group together as steppe people today. The Huns, Scythians, Tartars, Mongols, Xiongnu, and many others fall into this category. Some were of Scandanavian origin and had migrated (or were forced by the continual fighting) east.

ETA: Carlin also mentions use of marijuana and lots of other intoxicants by the Scythians. Apparently, they liked to stay blasted pretty much all the time.
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Old 04-December-2008, 10:28 AM
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Oh cool, you couldn't tell me where to find that particular podcast could you?
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Old 04-December-2008, 10:30 AM
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Show #12:

http://www.dancarlin.com/disp.php?page=hharchive
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Old 04-December-2008, 03:40 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by sarongsong View Post
Whatever the reasons, looks like he was possibly taking what he/his grave-maker thought he could use 'later'...
Bong?

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Old 04-December-2008, 07:41 PM
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Look what the smoking did to his skin.
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Old 04-December-2008, 09:29 PM
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Serendipitously...
Quote:
December 4, 2008
...the ancient corpses on display seem to tell a different story...the Loulan Beauty...her high cheekbones and long nose the most obvious signs that she is not what one thinks of as Chinese...The ancient bodies have become protagonists in a very contemporary political dispute over who should control the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region...At the heart of the matter lie these questions: Who first settled this inhospitable part of western China? And for how long has the oil-rich region been part of the Chinese empire?...
San Diego Union-Tribune
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Last edited by sarongsong; 05-December-2008 at 02:40 AM.. Reason: map link; same region the shaman found.
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Old 05-December-2008, 04:10 AM
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Got it, thanks Geonuc
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Old 05-December-2008, 06:42 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by geonuc View Post
As it happens, I just listened to a Hardcore History podcast on the steppe peoples. Dan Carlin, the podcaster, explains that there apparently were caucasian people in east Asia. Writings from ancient China refer to steppe people (they didn't call them that) to thier north and west that had red hair, green eyes, were tall, etc.
You can be short and have dark hair and brown eyes, and still be caucasian. The steppes, which reasonably includes East Turkestan, are commonly referred to as Central Asia, though "Eurasia" seems to be the term favored by academe now.

Quote:
Originally Posted by geonuc View Post
These weren't travellers, mind you, but rather some of the groups of nomadic herder people that we group together as steppe people today. The Huns, Scythians, Tartars, Mongols, Xiongnu, and many others fall into this category. Some were of Scandanavian origin and had migrated (or were forced by the continual fighting) east.

ETA: Carlin also mentions use of marijuana and lots of other intoxicants by the Scythians. Apparently, they liked to stay blasted pretty much all the time.
Carlin was probably just repeating something Herodotus told him. The wikipedia article states that genetic studies of remains have connected the Scythians with the Slavs, Persians and east asian peoples. According to Herodotus, the Scythians own account of their origin is that the first Scythian king, Targitaus, [w]as the child of the sky-god and of a daughter of the Dnieper. While it's nothing special to claim descent from a god, the interesting aspect of this is that the human side of this family comes from the Dnieper, a river of Ukraine. This supports a western origin.
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Old 05-December-2008, 08:40 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by timb View Post
You can be short and have dark hair and brown eyes, and still be caucasian. The steppes, which reasonably includes East Turkestan, are commonly referred to as Central Asia, though "Eurasia" seems to be the term favored by academe now.
An apt description of yours truly. Eurasia indeed had caucasoid and middle eastern peoples at various times. But the Gobi is way East. Here is a map from Encarta.

That part of the East is very definitely in Asia, and thought to be peopled by Asians: short for the most part, black hair, narrow eyes...

The presence of caucasoids receiving a burial like this in the Gobi is somewhat unexpected. I remember hearing some interesting things about Ghangis Khan, and Carlin mentions it also, but those facts have more or less been ignored or thought of as "he was talked up". Pringles made a similar comment in "The Mummy Congresses". The story is that a mummy researcher was visiting a museum in Asia and came upon some clearly caucasoid mummies that had been recovered in the Gobi. She made reference to some early Chinese writings that seemed to describe such peoples, but had been written off previously because the groups were not known to have mixed. The few comments were disregarded or thought to be 'poetic license'. That understanding is now being revisited by some researchers to see if dates line up, etc.

I am not saying the Mongolians were purely Asian, but I would argue that they were enough so to not be particularly out of place in the developing cultures of the region. Certainly not caucasoid, at least from what we know.

I don't remember the details more than that, sorry. I returned the book to the library.

Quote:
Carlin was probably just repeating something Herodotus told him.
I have no idea. When I get a few--will hopefully be settled next week--I may put some more time into reading. We'll see if my interest stays piqued.
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Old 05-December-2008, 09:07 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by timb View Post
You can be short and have dark hair and brown eyes, and still be caucasian. The steppes, which reasonably includes East Turkestan, are commonly referred to as Central Asia, though "Eurasia" seems to be the term favored by academe now.
Yes, but the point is that a tall, red-haired, green-eyed person is most probably not of east Asian descent.

I think "Steppe peoples" gets the idea across. The steppes are a recognized geographic region.

Quote:
Originally Posted by timb View Post
Carlin was probably just repeating something Herodotus told him. The wikipedia article states that genetic studies of remains have connected the Scythians with the Slavs, Persians and east asian peoples. According to Herodotus, the Scythians own account of their origin is that the first Scythian king, Targitaus, [w]as the child of the sky-god and of a daughter of the Dnieper. While it's nothing special to claim descent from a god, the interesting aspect of this is that the human side of this family comes from the Dnieper, a river of Ukraine. This supports a western origin.
If you listen to the podcast (and read the list of show notes, which goes well beyond Herodotus) you might find that Carlin has a good handle on who was who.
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Old 05-December-2008, 09:19 AM
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Yes, but the point is that a tall, red-haired, green-eyed person is most probably not of east Asian descent.

I think "Steppe peoples" gets the idea across. The steppes are a recognized geographic region.
/Nitpick

The steppes are still north/west of the Gobi, stretching from the Urals eastward toward the Himalayas. Not sure where the boundary lies to the west, but the Gobi and Mongolia were home to Asiatic people in modern times. Based on our understanding of contact between the groups, it was thought this was the case for the entire history of the region which is turning out not to be the case.

/end Nitpick
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Old 05-December-2008, 09:44 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by man on the moon View Post
/Nitpick

The steppes are still north/west of the Gobi, stretching from the Urals eastward toward the Himalayas. Not sure where the boundary lies to the west, but the Gobi and Mongolia were home to Asiatic people in modern times. Based on our understanding of contact between the groups, it was thought this was the case for the entire history of the region which is turning out not to be the case.

/end Nitpick
I don't understand the nitpick. Neither I nor - more importantly - Carlin, suggest otherwise.
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Old 05-December-2008, 09:47 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by man on the moon View Post
An apt description of yours truly. Eurasia indeed had caucasoid and middle eastern peoples at various times. But the Gobi is way East. Here is a map from Encarta.\
Yes, the Gobi is further East than the areas I mentioned. It's outside the range of the Scythians, as least as portrayed in the Wikipedia article. This is interesting, but not amazing in the way that Kennewick man would be if he were caucasoid. People have always moved around. I think there's a misconception that travel and migration are recent inventions, and that if you went back more than a few hundred years you'd find "pure races" isolated in their homelands.

Quote:
Originally Posted by man on the moon View Post
That part of the East is very definitely in Asia, and thought to be peopled by Asians: short for the most part, black hair, narrow eyes...
Asians aren't necessarily short, moreover neither are mongoloids (which you seem to mean when you said "Asian"). North Chinese are often tall. You have to be careful with Chinese descriptions: they have a very broad idea of what constitutes "red". I've heard them call hair "red" that you or I would call auburn, brown or blonde.

Quote:
Originally Posted by man on the moon View Post
The presence of caucasoids receiving a burial like this in the Gobi is somewhat unexpected. I remember hearing some interesting things about Ghangis Khan, and Carlin mentions it also, but those facts have more or less been ignored or thought of as "he was talked up". Pringles made a similar comment in "The Mummy Congresses". The story is that a mummy researcher was visiting a museum in Asia and came upon some clearly caucasoid mummies that had been recovered in the Gobi. She made reference to some early Chinese writings that seemed to describe such peoples, but had been written off previously because the groups were not known to have mixed. The few comments were disregarded or thought to be 'poetic license'. That understanding is now being revisited by some researchers to see if dates line up, etc.

I am not saying the Mongolians were purely Asian, but I would argue that they were enough so to not be particularly out of place in the developing cultures of the region. Certainly not caucasoid, at least from what we know.

I don't remember the details more than that, sorry. I returned the book to the library.



I have no idea. When I get a few--will hopefully be settled next week--I may put some more time into reading. We'll see if my interest stays piqued.
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Old 05-December-2008, 02:34 PM
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Anthropologist Christy Turner of Arizona State University has done the preeminent work on the dental variations of Native American people and relating them to their Asian ancestors. The variation he notes are called Sinodonty and Sundadonty.



Quote:
Sinodonty and Sundadonty
Anthropologist Christy Turner identified two patterns, Sinodonty and Sundadonty, for East Asia, within the "Mongoloid dental complex"[1]. The latter is regarded as having a more generalised, Australoid morphology and having a longer ancestry than its offspring, Sinodonty.

Sino and Sunda refer to China and Sundaland, while 'dont' refers to teeth. Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and surrounding smaller islands.

He found the Sundadont pattern in the Jōmon of Japan, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, Thais, Borneans, Laotians, and Malaysians, and the Sinodont pattern in the inhabitants of China, Mongolia, eastern Siberia, Native Americans, and the Yayoi. Characters for Jōmon (Cord marks). The Jomon period ) is the time in Japanese pre-history from about 10,000 BC to 300 BC. Most scholars agree that by around 40,000 BC glaciation had connected the Japanese islands with the Asian mainland.

Sinodonty is a particular pattern of teeth common among Native Americans and some peoples in Asia, in particular the northern Han Chinese and some Japanese populations. The upper first two incisors are not aligned with the other teeth, but rotated a few degrees inward, and, moreover, they are shovel-shaped; the upper first premolar has one root (whereas the upper first premolar in Caucasians has normally two roots; the lower first molar has three roots (whereas it has two roots in Caucasians).
From NationMaster

It would be interesting to know what tooth structure the mummies had.
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Old 05-December-2008, 10:23 PM
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Most scholars agree that by around 40,000 BC glaciation had connected the Japanese islands with the Asian mainland

I'm not sure about this. Wikipedia has a map that makes it clear that Honshu-Shikoku-Kyushu was not directly connected to the mainland, but it makes it unclear whether these islands were joined to Hokkaido (which was). The fact that the Tsugaru Strait is a major biogeographic boundary suggests not. OTOH I find several non-academic sources online claiming that all the major Japanese islands were connected to the mainland. Maybe the map wikipedia uses is wrong.
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Old 05-December-2008, 10:35 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by timb View Post
I think there's a misconception that travel and migration are recent inventions, and that if you went back more than a few hundred years you'd find "pure races" isolated in their homelands.
I would think that to be a relatively rare misconception. It's my impression that it's generally known that ancient peoples migrated, and quite frequently.

In the context of the history lesson I recently received from Mr Carlin, which provoked some of this discussion of the steppe peoples, that was a key feature to his talk. They moved and they moved a lot.
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Old 05-December-2008, 10:42 PM
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I would think that to be a relatively rare misconception. It's my impression that it's generally known that ancient peoples migrated, and quite frequently.

In the context of the history lesson I recently received from Mr Carlin, which provoked some of this discussion of the steppe peoples, that was a key feature to his talk. They moved and they moved a lot.
And I am very interested in who "they" were. The more we know about the extant populations that existed 40, 30, and 20 kya the better an idea we will have about those migrations and inter relationships that probably existed. Eastern Russia is just now starting to be investigated seriously. I think we have much yet to learn.
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Old 05-December-2008, 10:46 PM
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And I am very interested in who "they" were. The more we know about the extant populations that existed 40, 30, and 20 kya the better an idea we will have about those migrations and inter relationships that probably existed. Eastern Russia is just now starting to be investigated seriously. I think we have much yet to learn.
Whoa. That's well before the period I'm talking about and well before the OP's cannibis man.
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Old 05-December-2008, 10:49 PM
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Whoa. That's well before the period I'm talking about and well before the OP's cannibis man.
True, gotta start the timeline somwhere>
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  2006 Bad Astronomy and Universe Today