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Old 12-October-2004, 10:26 AM
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mathyou9 mathyou9 is offline
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Default Apollo 11 Telemetry Tapes

I read at www.moonhoax.com that the Apollo 11 telemetry tapes are missing. For the life of me, I do not know what telemetry tapes do exactly (nor do I know what significance this claim has for HBs.) I have done searches through google trying to find a simple explanation of what telemetry is (and telemetry tapes) but everything I find only mentions telemetry (tapes) as if I already know what they are. Can anyone shed more light on this topic? Thanks.
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Old 12-October-2004, 11:25 AM
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Welcome to the BABB, mathyou9.


Telemetry contained measurements of plenty of sensors in the spacecraft. It was sent down to earth digitally encoded. It was received by the deep space network stations and sent further to Goddard from where it went to Houston in real time. Telemetry was also taped at the stations.

Now, for the tapes gone away: The missions produced huge amounts of telemetry and data storage was on expensive tapes with - for todays standard - had not a very high storage density. So, when a mission was done and everything evaluated and reports written, tapes were recycled.

If you are interested in the subject, I recommend the website about Honeysuckle Creek, one of the three stations active during Apollo.
One section gives information about the technology.

http://www.honeysucklecreek.net/station/technical.html

Some time ago, an old tape surfaced that was believed to contain data from Armstrong's first steps on the moon.
Here's the story as told by John Saxon (former Operations Supervisor at Honeysuckle):




Quote:
Some of you may have heard already that we have news about the 'Apollo-11' tape - unfortunately all of it is bad. We were hoping to have a reasonably momentous announcement to make during our Apollo-11 35th Anniversary celebrations, but unfortunately that will not be the case.

Here's the story:
1. In Apr 2002 we first became aware of this tape, a 14 track 1" 9600 ft instrumentation tape recorded at 120 ips. It was believed that the tape covered the 15 minutes surrounding Armstrong's first step onto the lunar surface. Dubbed shortly after that track at Honeysuckle Creek tracking station and later kept for over 30 years as an interesting piece of memorabilia.
2. In Jan 2004 we decided to see if we could locate any 1" 14 track analog instrumentation recorders in Australia. The objective was to dub all the tracks onto one or more tapes, then later to try and extract the data -Timing, voice, Telemetry, Biomedical and the 'Raw TV'. Naturally there might be unique data which could considerable improve those first fuzzy images and other data using modern processing techniques. But after an extensive search (although we discovered numerous 14 and 28 track 1" recorders in Australia - they are all for exclusively digital data recording and playback).
3. Along the way we were advised that there are suitable 'legacy' recorders at NASA's Goddard Spaceflight Centre (GSFC) Data Evaluation Lab (DEL) and also much processing and distribution equipment. For a taste of what is available there, visit http://tss.gsfc.nasa.gov/del.htm
After some tentative approaches - the DEL expressed a willingness to see what could be done with the tape.
4. Also in Jan this year we first made contact with Screensound Australia (Formerly the National Film & Sound Archive) who are experts in the rehabilitation of old film and magnetic tapes, first for advice and later they kindly agreed to run the tape through several weeks of rehabilitation at <5% relative humidity and 40 degrees Celsius.
5. Early in May, we made contact with Neal Newman the NASA representative to Australia and SE Asia and things started to move into high gear. Neal guaranteed "110 % support from himself and the US Embassy". He was due to visit Washington in early June and offered to hand carry the tape with him - better than the 'Diplomatic bag'! Neal also contacted NASA HQ and got enthusiastic agreement to support the effort, and authorisation for the DEL to spend some significant time and effort.
6. The tape was given to Screensound in Mid-May and rehabilitation/rejuvenation started - ably overseen by Viktor Fumic - on 5th June Victor handed the tape over to Neal - packed in a special carry case with correct desiccants, etc.etc.
7. On 10th June, Neal delivered the tape to the DEL at GSFC and after 24 hrs acclimatising in the lab - the first dub was made (Staff came in specially on the holiday for ex-Pres Reagan's funeral). The team at the lab was led by Dick Nafzger (THE GSFC Slow-scan and other spacecraft TV expert) and Dick Bouchard the DEL manager.
Ominously it was discovered almost immediately that there were pre-calibrations on the tape recorded at 15"/sec, voice annotation stated that the tape was for "NCG750 simulation of October 23, 1967"!
This was very bad news - but it was still possible that the tape was wound on past the pre-cals and dubbed on the 21st Jul 1969 over that famous time period.
However on 16th Jun our worst fears were confirmed and the serial time code from near the middle of the tape had been recorded on a strip chart recorder and decoded as DOY 296/297 and that agrees with the October date. Also the tape data appeared to be "too good quality for a live spacecraft at lunar distance".
So that confirmed it and the tape 'owner' agreed, "It looks like I screwed up.!! All I can say is that, all this time, I thought that I had a dub of the EVA. I must have picked up the wrong tape at the end of a hectic day." So our collective faces are rather RED.
8. After some 450 Emails on this subject alone - has anything been achieved?
I think the answer is an emphatic Yes!
a. Along the way we renewed old friendships and made many new ones.
b. It sparked renewed interest in the possibilities of data improvements that could be made if other tapes are found. Along the way we made extensive enquiries about the possibilities that other similar original data tapes might have survived. In particular, if tapes made at the Goldstone complex on 20th July 1969 could be found - they would contain GREATLY improved quality TV and other data recorded from the 210' Antenna there. So far no data tapes have been located at the most likely NASA centres, and it appears that most/all of the thousands of tapes sent to GSFC and Houston during Apollo were re-used after the data requirements of the time were satisfied. But hopefully the search goes on and something might turn up at the National Archives of the USA or some other centre.
c. The techniques to replay and extract the data and time codes have been refined at the DEL and if other tapes are discovered - there may be all sorts of possibilities for Space historians and others to study data from some of the most defining moments in 20th century scientific history.
9. So it just remains for me to thank all those concerned (the numbers grew to 50-100 participants) for their enthusiastic support and generous help.
Perhaps next time.....
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Old 12-October-2004, 12:59 PM
Bawheid Bawheid is offline
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Welcome, mathyou9.

If I read the sites correctly the fact that the tapes are re-used or missing is irrelevant since all the information on them was transcribed and stored in other ways. HBs like to say things like "the tapes are missing" conveniently ignoring the fact that the information still exists.
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Old 12-October-2004, 02:48 PM
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Ah, a question I don't have to pretend to be an expert on! (I've spent a big chunk of my life dealing with spacecraft telemetry.)

The word "telemetry" is based on the Greek words for "at a distance" and "measurement." It refers to the data being transmitted from a spacecraft to the ground that contains information on the health and status of the spacecraft, and, if a scientific spacecraft, contains the science data that the spacecraft is collecting.

This information is almost always recorded for later analysis and processing, in those days on magnetic tape, in these days in files on some computer's disk drive. I would daresay that any such information recorded long ago has since been transferred to computer or CD or somesuch since magnetic tapes don't last forever.

You can find more of an overview of spacecraft communications here.
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Old 13-October-2004, 06:22 AM
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Thanks. your replies were way more useful than my google searches were.
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